2020年中国疫苗冷链储存和运输设备现况调查

Status of cold chain equipment for vaccine storage and transportation in China in 2020

目的 评估中国疫苗冷链储存和运输设备现况。方法 利用中国免疫规划信息系统收集截至2020年全国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)和预防接种单位所有冷链设备信息,描述性分析每万人口数量、平均使用年限等指标。结果 2020年中国每万人口冷链设备数量为2.53个,其中东部、中部、西部地区分别为1.90个、2.46个、3.60个;全国冷库、普通冰箱、医用冰箱、冷藏箱/包、冷藏车、运输车每万人口数量分别为0.06座、0.28台、1.52台、0.65个、0.02辆、0.01辆;平均使用年限(中位数)分别为4.05年、5.76年、4.23年、5.09年、3.50年、7.48年。冷库、冰箱、冷藏箱/包、冷藏车/运输车的自动温度监测设备配置率分别为100%、73.01%、88.89%、100%。结论 2020年中国疫苗冷链设备能满足常规免疫接种工作需要且更新速度快;需加强冷链的智能化和精细化管理。

Objective To evaluate the status of cold chain equipment for vaccine storage and transportation in China.Methods We obtained data on all cold chain equipment from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) and vaccination clinics as of 2020 from the China Immunization Program Information Management System. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the quantity of equipment per 10 000 population and median time of use.Results The overall quantity of cold chain equipment was 2.53 units per 10 000 population in China in 2020, with 1.90, 2.46, and 3.60 units in eastern, central, and western areas, respectively. The quantity of cold rooms, general refrigerators, medical refrigerators, cold boxes/bags, cold vehicles, and transportation vehicles per 10 000 population nationwide were 0.06, 0.28, 1.52, 0.65, 0.02, and 0.01, with median time of use being 4.05, 5.76, 4.23, 5.09, 3.50, and 7.48 years, respectively. 100% of cold rooms, 73.01% of refrigerators, 88.89% of cold boxes/bags, and 100% of cold/transportation vehicles were equipped with automatic temperature monitors.Conclusions The vaccine cold chain equipment in China in 2020 met the needs of routine immunization and was updated rapidly. We need to strengthen intelligent and precise management of the cold chain.