“体用”境迁:中国武术思维方式的哲学思想史考察

Evolution of“Ti-Yong”:an Investigation into the Development of Philosophical Thought on the Thinking Mode of Chinese Wushu

“体用”是中国传统哲学与思想史中表达能力最强的一对范畴,其理论架构深刻影响了后世武学。“与道同符”的体用性建构是拳术家阐释拳理的传统思维方式,这一理路很值得深入挖掘。综合运用历史研究、文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对武术思维方式——“体用”进行哲学思想史梳理与反思。研究发现:历代拳术家借“体用”这一传统思维方式推寻拳理,阐释武术的内在本质与作用现象,其间经过了由“宇宙生成论”至“功夫即本体”衔接演变的思想历程。研究认为:①“宇宙生成论”为武术体用思想创立奠定了理论基础,太极阴阳学说标志着武术体用思想的初步形成;②“功夫即本体”为武术体用思想成熟赋予了理学气质,本体功夫哲学隐含了拳术家对武学心性功夫修炼的推重。武术思想在“体用”境迁中实现了对自身的内在超越,每个阶段的体用思想演进及其内蕴的哲学思维,直接反映了历史的进程,体现着逻辑认知与历史演进的统一。

“Ti-Yong”is the most expressive category in the Chinese philosophy and intellectual history,and the theoretical framework has a profound influence upon the development of Wushu.The thought of“consistent with principle”is an important way of thinking for boxers to explain Wushu theory,which is worthy of in-depth exploration.Comprehensively using the methods of historical research,literature research and logical analysis,this paper combs and reflects on the development of philosophical thought of“Ti-Yong”,a unique mode of thinking in Wushu.It is found that the boxers of all dynasties use“Ti-Yong”to explain Wushu theory as well as explain the internal essence and function of Wushu,which presents an ideological course from“cosmogenesis”to“Kung fu as noumenon”.The research shows that:①the theory of“cosmogenesis”lays the theoretical foundation for the establishment of Wushu Ti-Yong thought,and the Yin-Yang theory of Taiji symbolizes the initial formation of Ti-Yong thought in Wushu.②“Kung fu as noumenon”fits the Neo-Confucianism characteristics as Ti-Yong thought in Wushu becomes sound,and it implies the emphasis that boxers put on the nature of the mind and Kung fu training.The theory of Wushu has realized its own internal transcendence during the evolution of Ti-Yong thought,of which every stage and the philosophical thinking within it directly reflect the process of history and the unity of logical perception and historical evolution.