面向城市路网拥堵管理的区域停车收费协同定价优化方法

A regional collaborative parking pricing optimization method for urban road network congestion management

为了缓解城市交通拥堵,提出了一种城市各区域停车收费协同定价优化方法,通过差异化各区域停车收费价格,调控时空交通流,实现均衡交通负荷、提高出行效率的目标。构建城市各区域停车收费协同定价双层优化模型,上层模型以提高路网用户盈余为目标优化各区域停车收费价格,下层模型是考虑了停车收费和出行时间影响的弹性需求下用户均衡分配模型,分析停车收费价格对出行需求和道路网络流量分布的影响。针对双层规划模型求解,基于弹性需求下用户均衡分配模型敏感性分析方法,设计了一种可全局收敛的改进型可行方向求解算法,并证明了算法的收敛性。在分析停车收费对出行需求影响基础上,结合具体案例,测试验证所建模型和设计算法的可行性与有效性。结果表明:通过SP调查分析发现私家车出行需求随着停车收费价格的增长而呈现指数级下降趋势,所构造的停车收费影响下弹性出行需求函数具有很好的拟合效果;本文提出的改进型可行方向法可有效求解城市各区域停车收费协同定价双层规划模型,并且收敛速度较快,拥有很好的求解效率;所提出的停车收费区域协同定价优化方法不仅可以改善局部地区的交通拥堵,也能有效提高路网总体的交通运行状况,具有很好的应用价值。

To alleviate urban traffic congestion,this study proposes an optimization method to determine the parking pricing in different areas of the city cooperatively.The parking prices in different areas can change the spatial-temporal traffic flow to balance the traffic load and improve travel efficiency.A bi-level optimization model is built to optimize the regional parking prices collaboratively.The upperlevel programming problem is formulated to maximize the user surplus,while the lower-level model is the user equilibrium assignment model considering the effects of parking price and travel time.Bsed on the sensitivity analysis method of the user equilibrium assignment model with elastic demand,an improved feasible direction solution algorithm is designed to solve the bi-level optimization model.This study analytically shows that this algorithm is globally convergent.Based on the analysis of the impact of parking pricing on travel demand,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm are tested and verified by a case study.Results show that:Through the stated preference survey and analysis,the travel demand of private cars decreases exponentially with respect to parking price;The elastic travel demand function under the influence of parking prices can fit the collected data well;The proposed improved feasible direction method can effectively solve the bi-level programming problem to find the optimal parking prices in various urban areas,and it converges very fast;The proposed optimization method can not only alleviate the traffic congestion in local areas but also can effectively improve the traffic condition of the road network.Thereby,the proposed method can be applied to address the real-world problem.