牙髓干细胞神经向分化及神经标记物的表达

Neural differentiation and neural biomarker expression of dental pulp stem cells

背景:牙髓干细胞由于其来源广泛、免疫原性低并具有优秀的向神经系统细胞分化的能力,因此对神经系统疾病有潜在的治疗价值。目的:总结牙髓干细胞神经源性标记物的表达特点,回顾以往牙髓干细胞向神经系统细胞分化的研究进展,为其应用于临床神经系统疾病的治疗提供研究基础。方法:应用计算机以“牙髓干细胞、神经分化、神经细胞标记物、神经”为中文检索词,以“dental pulp stem cells,neurodifferentiation,nerve biomarker,nerve”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、万方数据和PubMed数据库中的相关文献,根据纳入标准并筛选,最终选择85篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①牙髓干细胞向神经细胞分化过程中所表达的几种常用的神经标记物主要包括:巢蛋白、性别决定基因相关转录因子2、βⅢ微管蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、微管相关蛋白2、S100钙结合蛋白B、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、神经元特异性核蛋白,文章总结归纳了上述标记物的特点、表达的时期以及在牙髓干细胞神经向分化研究中的应用情况。②目前研究表明,判断牙髓干细胞向神经细胞分化是否成功,需要结合形态学特征以及分化后细胞的功能进行综合判断,同时使用单一标记物很难专门识别单个细胞谱系,因此,未来有必要将多个标记物应用于一种细胞类型进行分析。③文章还从生长因子、信号通路及生物支架等方面介绍了牙髓干细胞向神经样细胞分化的方法,以期为诱导牙髓干细胞神经向分化研究提供理论参考。

BACKGROUND:Dental pulp stem cells have a potential therapeutic value for nervous system diseases due to their wide source,low immunogenicity and excellent ability to differentiate into nervous system cells.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the neurogenic markers of dental pulp stem cells,and provide a research basis for their application in the treatment of clinical nervous system diseases by reviewing the previous studies on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into cells of the nervous system.METHODS:Using “dental pulp stem cells,neuro-differentiation,nerve cell markers,nerve” as the Chinese search terms and “dental pulp stem cells,neurodifferentiation,nerve biomarker,nerve” as the English search terms,the computer was used to retrieve articles published on CNKI,Wanfang Data and PubMed databases.According to the inclusion criteria,85 articles were finally selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Several commonly used neural markers expressed during the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into neural cells mainly include:nestin,SRY-related HMGbox-containing transcription factor-2,β Ⅲ tubulin,glial fibrillary acidic protein,microtubule-associated protein 2,S100 B,neuron specific enolase,and neuron specific nuclear protein.This article summarizes the characteristics of the above markers,the period of expression and the application of dental pulp stem cells to neural differentiation.(2) Current research shows that to judge whether the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into neural cells is successful,it is necessary to combine the morphological characteristics and the function of differentiated cells for comprehensive judgment.At the same time,it is difficult to use a single marker to specifically identify a single cell lineage.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze more markers applied to the analysis of one cell type.(3) From the aspects of growth factors,signal pathways,and biological brackets,the method of differentiation of pulp stem cells to neuronal cells is introduced to provide theoretical reference in inducing dental pulp stem cells to neural differentiation.