固体润滑剂和固体润滑膜综述

Overview of Solid Lubricants and Solid Lubricating Film

固体润滑是指在摩擦表面用粉末状固体或薄膜状固体进行的润滑。固体润滑剂剪切强度低,易附着于摩擦表面,能够在摩擦副表面形成一个连续且稳定的润滑薄膜,从而降低摩擦副的摩擦磨损。在某些不能使用或禁止润滑油/润滑脂的特殊场合,固体润滑剂表现出其独特的润滑优势。固体润滑膜有物理吸附膜和化学吸附膜,在摩擦的过程中会形成摩擦转移膜和摩擦聚合物膜。对几种常见的固体润滑剂,固体润滑膜形成机制及对影响固体润滑膜摩擦学性能的因素进行了综述。随着科学技术的发展,开发满足不同工况条件下的新型固体润滑剂将会越来越受到人们的重视。

Solid lubrication referred to the lubrication of the frictional surface with powder solid or film solid.The solid lubricants had low shear strength and were easy to adhere to the frictional surface,which could form a continuous and stable lubricating film on the surface of the frictional pair,so as to reduce the friction and wear of the frictional pairs.In some special occasions where lubricating oil/grease could not be used or prohibited,solid lubricants showed their unique lubrication advantages.Solid lubricating film included physical adsorption film and chemical adsorption film.Friction transfer film and friction polymer film would be formed in the process of friction.Several common solid lubricants,the formation mechanism of solid lubricating film and the factors affecting the tribological properties of solid lubricating film were reviewed.With the development of science and technology,it would be paid more and more attention to the development of new solid lubricants under different working conditions.