论王阳明“为己”“克己”“成己”的修养论

Wang Yangming’s Theory of“for Oneself”“Restraining Oneself”and“Becoming Oneself”

身心关系是王阳明思想中的重要论题。其中,他在回答学生萧惠的问题时所阐发的躯壳与真己之合一,对研究其身心观有重要意义。王阳明的为己之学可分为“为己-克己-成己”三步。人们为了保全身心,就能消除私欲,进而能成就身心,三方面紧密联系,使得躯壳和真己获得现实的统一。王阳明认为,真己是躯壳的主宰和根基,躯壳是真己的载体和官能,保全躯壳的根本方法就在于成真己、致良知。真己即天理,亦即生生之理,这是身心统一的本体论依据。王阳明的身心合一思想影响了泰州学派的“保身”“安身”理论,也对当今养生观念有一定启发。

The relationship between body and mind is an important topic in Wang Yangming’thought.He elucidated the unity of body and true oneself to answer the question of his student Xiao Hui,which is of great significance to the study of Wang Yangming’s view of body and mind.Wang Yangming’s theory of self-cultivation can be divided into three steps:for oneself,restraining oneself and becoming oneself.In order to preserve the body and true oneself,people can eliminate private desires to achieve them and three aspects are closely linked to make the body and true oneself obtain the unity.Wang Yangming reckoned that true oneself is the master and foundation of body and the body is the carrier and organ of true oneself.Thus,the fundamental way to preserve the body is to become true oneself and extend the innate knowledge.The true oneself is the eternal heavenly principle,which is the ontological basis for the unity of the body and true oneself.Wang Yangming’s thought about the unity of body and mind has a certain influence on"protecting the body"theories of Taizhou School and gives an enlightening significance to the contemporary concept of health preservation.Wang Yangming’s theory of self-cultivation advocates that we should preserve ourselves,eliminate private desires and achieve conscience,and three aspects are closely linked to make the body and the true self unified.