非物质劳动:劳动的新形式还是资本剥削的“新花样”?

Immaterial Labor:New Forms of Labor or a“New Trick”of Capital Exploitation?

非物质劳动作为劳动的新形式出场于意大利自治主义学派,表现为以智力、情感、符号、关系等为特征的劳动形式,非物质劳动具有超越物质劳动占据主导性地位的趋势。资本增殖的需要促使这一趋势的发展,非物质劳动成为资本剥削的“新花样”。奈格里和哈特认为虽然非物质劳动当下处在资本的严格管控中,饱受资本的剥削和吸纳,但非物质劳动具有突破时空限制、合作和交流不断增强、对“共同性”的占有等特性,这其中蕴含着超脱资本逻辑束缚走向自由解放的潜能。

As a new form of labor,immaterial labor appeared in the Italian autonomist school,and it was manifested as a labor form characterized by intelligence,emotion,symbols,and relationships.Immaterial labor has a tendency to surpass material labor and occupy a dominant position.The need for capital proliferation promotes the development of this trend,and immaterial labor has become a“new trick”for capital exploitation.Negri and Hart believe that although immaterial labor is currently under the strict control of capital and suffers from exploitation and absorption by capital,immaterial labor has the ability to break through the limitations of time and space,strengthen cooperation and communication,and possess the“commonality”and other characteristics,which contains the potential to break free from the shackles of capital logic and move towards freedom and liberation.