文学:一项关乎健康的事业--论德勒兹的文学-生命观

Literature as the Enterprise of Health:On Deleuze’s View of Literature-life

文学通常因作家的体弱多病而被称为弱者的伟业,德勒兹却基于其独特的生命思考视文学为健康的事业。德勒兹结合柏格森、尼采、斯宾诺莎等人的思想,形成了他对生命的独特认识。首先,生命是一种质料-强度,具有抽象但真实、内在性、肯定性和创生性等特点。基于此,德勒兹赋予疾病肯定性的价值,而疾病作为一个事件,促进了生命的反实现化运动,使高级健康得以形成。其次,在德勒兹“批评与临床”的构思中,借由症状学,作家与医生相遇,文学与生命相融,文学由此成为一项健康的事业。

Literature has been called the great work of the weak because of the writer’s delicate health, but Deleuze regards it as the enterprise of health based on his unique life thinking. Deleuze combined the ideas of Bergson, Nietzsche, Spinoza and others to form his unique understanding of life. Firstly, life is a quality-intensity with the characteristics of abstract but real, immanence, certainty and creation. Based on this, Deleuze gives affirmative value to disease, which as an event promotes the movement of counter-realization of life and enables the formation of great health. Secondly, Symptomology leads the encounter of writers and doctors, integration of literature and life, and literature thus becomes the enterprise of health.