液体磷肥用量对玉米生长·产量及品质的影响

Effect of Liquid Phosphate Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Maize

在田间液体配肥站模式下,根据玉米的养分需求规律,探究液体肥料全部追施时砂壤土玉米适宜的液体磷肥投入量。在田间设置了3个等级的磷投入量,纯磷投入量分别为15.0 kg/hm^(2)(MP1)、29.4 kg/hm^(2)(MP2)、58.2 kg/hm^(2)(MP3),研究了不同液体磷肥投入量对玉米农艺性状、磷素吸收、产量及玉米籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,MP3的产量、穗数和穗粗均最高;与MP1相比,MP3的光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素)显著增加了21.82%~37.76%;不同生育期MP3干物质重的增加幅度为14.59%~39.09%;此外,MP3的籽粒含糖量最高,MP2的籽粒脯氨酸和蛋白质含量最高。当纯磷投入量为58.2 kg/hm^(2)时,有利于提高玉米的产量、干物质积累、叶绿素含量和籽粒含糖量;当纯磷投入量为29.4 kg/hm^(2)时,有利于提高籽粒的脯氨酸和蛋白质含量;当纯磷投入量为15.0 kg/hm^(2)时,磷肥偏生产力最高。

Under the mode of liquid fertilizer station in the field, according to the nutrient demand law of maize, the suitable liquid phosphorus fertilizer input for maize in sandy loam soil was explored when all liquid fertilizers were applied.Three levels of phosphorus input were set up in the field.The pure phosphorus input was 15.0 kg/hm^(2)(MP1),29.4 kg/hm^(2)(MP2) and 58.2 kg/hm^(2)(MP3),respectively.The effects of different liquid phosphorus input on agronomic traits, phosphorus absorption, yield and grain quality of maize were studied.The yield, panicle number and panicle diameter of MP3 were the highest;compared with MP1,the photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) of MP3 were significantly increased by 21.82%-37.76%;the increase of dry matter weight of MP3 at different growth stages was 14.59%-39.09%;in addition, the sugar content of MP3 was the highest, and the proline and protein content of MP2 was the highest.The yield, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content and grain sugar content of maize were improved when the pure phosphorus input was 58.2 kg/hm^(2);the proline and protein content of maize were improved when the pure phosphorus input was 29.4 kg/hm^(2);when the pure phosphorus input was 15.0 kg/hm^(2),the partial factor productivity of applied P was the highest.