延胡索的本草考证

Herbal Literature Research of Corydalis Rhizoma

通过文献调研,对延胡索名称、基原、功效、道地产区及混伪品进行考证,得知其名称大致经历从“延胡”“延胡索”“滴金卵”“玄胡索”到“元胡”的过程,最后正名为“延胡索(元胡)”;延胡索基原为罂粟科植物延胡索(Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang)的干燥块茎;延胡索功效始载于《雷公炮炙论》,记载有止痛的功效,经历代本草补充修正,现认为其具有活血、行气、止痛等功效,用于胸胁、脘腹疼痛、经闭痛经、产后瘀阻等病症;延胡索道地产区自五代起为今辽宁、内蒙古、河北三省交界处,明朝产地逐渐转移至江苏等地,清朝开始延胡索的种植从江苏西南部的茅山地区扩展到浙江杭州一带,现以浙江东阳、浙江磐安等地的延胡索为最佳;延胡索主要混伪品有半夏、零余子、夏天无等。该研究为延胡索正本清源,为其资源开发利用提供参考依据。

After a herbal literature research on the appellation, origin, efficacy, genuine producing area and counterfeit of CR, the evolution of its appellation was found to begin from “Yan Hu” “Yan Hu Suo” “Di Jin Luan” “Xuan Hu Suo” and “Yuan Hu”, and end in official name as “Yuan Hu Suo(Yuan Hu)”. Dried tubers was the medicinal part of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang Functions of CR was firstly recorded for relieving pain, and improving eyesight in Leigong Treatise on the Preparation. After undergoing supplementation and modification of herbal medicine, it could be now used for activating blood, promoting qi circulation, easing pain, and it could be used for chest pain, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea and postpartum stasis. The genuine producing areas of CR were Junction areas of Liaoning, Mongolia and Hebei Provinces during the Five Dynasties.In the Ming Dynasty, the areas gradually transferred to Jiangsu Province. Whereafter in Qing Dynasty, it began to extend from the Maoshan area of southwest Jiangsu to Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Nowadays, CR produced from Dongyang in Zhejiang Province were known as the best ones. Common counterfeits of CR include Pinellia ternata, Dioscorea opposite and Coydalis decumbens. Based on a systematic herbal literature research, this paper takes a radical reform of CR, and provides reference for its further development and resource utilization.