前秦民族政策与统一政权建构研究

Research on National Policy and Unified State Construction of Former Qin Dynasty

魏晋十六国时期是各民族融合发展的历史分期,十六国政权中以氐族苻氏建立的前秦最为强大,这也是自西晋以来,最有希望再造统一的民族政权。前秦面对疆域内民族众多的情况,采取了徙豪酋杂夷于关中、崇儒修教兼笼络汉官和恩抚各族首领的民族政策。这些政策发挥了维护政权统一的作用,但其存在的氐族本位和难服其心等弊病也在日久之弊、有限获益和儒法悖论的深层影响下,迫使苻坚“混同六合”的统一理想陨灭。

The Wei-jin and sixteen states period is a historical stage for the integration and development of various ethnic groups.The former Qin established by the Di nationality was the strongest in the sixteen states and it was also the most promis⁃ing national regime to build a united country since the western Jin dynasty.Facing the situation of numerous ethnic groups in its territory,the former Qin adopted the ethnic policy of emigration to the central Shaanxi plain,worship Confucianism and cultivate religion,and win over Han officials and patronize leaders of all ethnic groups.These policies played the role of maintaining the unity of the regime.However,the Di nationality oriented policy and the unyielding mind of other ethnic groups finally lead to the break-up of Fu Jian's unification ideal of"mixed harmony and six harmonies"under the deep influence of the long-time dis⁃advantages,the limited benefits and the paradox of Confucianism and Law.