比较教育辩证唯物论理论流派的开创——克鲁普斯卡雅比较教育思想初探

The Founding of the School of Dialectical Materialism of Comparative Education——A Preliminary Study of Krupskaya’s Thought on Comparative Education

发端自苏联、兴盛于中国的辩证唯物论流派是比较教育学的一个重要理论流派,在比较教育学发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。系统发掘和整理其创始人克鲁普斯卡雅的比较教育思想有助于深入认识比较教育辩证唯物论理论流派,弥补相关理论研究的不足。克鲁普斯卡雅坚持辩证唯物主义比较教育学,主张积极学习和借鉴外国教育,重视比较法和历史因素分析法在比较教育研究中的应用,呼吁中小学校大力开展国际主义教育,对资本主义教育实质和弊端给予了深刻的揭露和批判。克鲁普斯卡雅的比较教育思想不仅对苏联比较教育影响重大,而且对世界比较教育发展也产生了广泛而深远的影响,时至今日依然具有时代意义和当代价值。

The School of Dialectical Materialism,which originated from the Soviet Union and flourished in China,is an important theoretical school of thought in comparative education and plays an increasingly important role in the development of comparative education.The systematic exploration and sorting of the thought on comparative education of Krupskaya who is the founder of the School of Dialectical Materialism,will help to better understand Dialectical Materialism in comparative education theoretically so as to fill in the corresponding theoretical research gap in this discipline.Krupskaya insists on applying Dialectical Materialism in comparative education,advocates learning actively from foreign education,attaches great importance to the application of comparative method and historical factor method in comparative education research,calls on the implementation of the education of internationalism in primary and secondary schools,and criticizes deeply the nature and drawbacks of capitalist education.Krupskaya’s thought on comparative education not only has a significant influence on comparative education in the Soviet Union,but also has a wide-ranging and far-reaching impact on the development of comparative education in the world,which is still of time significance and contemporary value to this day.