从“5-100计划”到“优先-2030计划”——俄罗斯世界一流大学建设计划的反思与展望

From"Project 5-100"to"Priority-2030"——Reflection and Prospect on the Construction Plan of World-class Universities in Russia

俄罗斯于2020年完成了首个聚焦世界一流大学建设的“5-100计划”,其成就主要体现在入选高校在世界大学及学科排行榜上的进步、国际论文发表数量及质量的提升、国际师生数量的增加、招生质量的稳步领先等方面。与此同时,“5-100计划”潜存着财政投入不足且不均衡、组织管理体系有漏洞、评价维度设置不合理、政策制度不完善等问题。2021年,俄罗斯开始实施战略学术领导力计划“优先-2030计划”。该计划超越世界一流大学建设计划乃至高等教育改革的范畴,是以“5-100计划”等各项改革经验为基础,并对俄罗斯未来10年的科技、教育、社会经济进行综合规划的重要国策,在战略定位、资助范畴、资助方式、管理体系、遴选标准、评价维度等方面形成了鲜明的特色。

Russia has completed the first"Project 5-100"focusing on the construction of the world’s top universities in 2020.Its achievements are mainly reflected in the progress of selected universities in the world university and discipline rankings,the improvement of the quantity and quality of international papers published,the increase in the number of international teachers and students,and the steady leading of enrollment quality.At the meantime,the Project has some unsolved issues including insufficient and imbalanced financial investment,loopholes in organizational management system,unreasonable goal setting,and imperfect policies.On the basis of in-depth analysis and summary of the problems and shortcomings of the"Project 5-100",Russia has launched the largest strategic academic leadership program"Priority 2030"in 2021.This plan goes beyond the scope of"world-class university building plan"and even that of higher education reform.It is an important national policy based on the reform experience of"Project 5-100"and carries out comprehensive planning of science and technology,education and social economy of Russia in the next 10 years.Its distinctive strategic positioning,funding categories,funding methods,management system,selection criteria and evaluation dimensions deserve attention.