轨道车辆车窗胶接缺陷的超声检测技术研究

An Ultrasonic Detection Technique Study of Window Bonding Defects in Rail Vehicles

随着轨道车辆大规模投入使用,列车特别是车窗结构的安全性成为日益关注的问题,车窗胶粘质量检测对于轨道车辆正常运行有着重要意义;采用了有限元仿真与超声检测相结合的手段,通过建立车窗胶接结构仿真模型,详细分析了超声波在胶接结构中的传播过程以及与不同脱粘长度缺陷之间的变化规律,建立了缺陷回波幅值与脱粘长度的关系模型;通过搭建超声检测实验系统,针对21 mm处不同尺寸模拟缺陷进行检测,对检测数据进行分析后绘制出缺陷回波幅值与脱粘长度关系模型,结果表明:实际检测和仿真模拟缺陷回波幅值与脱粘长度关系模型结果一致,验证了该仿真模型以及缺陷幅值与脱粘长度关系模型的正确性和可靠性,为车窗胶接结构脱粘检测定量分析提供了参考模型和理论依据。

With the large-scale use of rail vehicles,the safety of trains,especially the window structure,has become an increasingly concerned problem.The inspection of window adhesive quality is of great significance for the normal operation of rail vehicles;The combination of finite element method simulation and ultrasonic testing was adopted.By establishing the simulation model of window bonding structure,the propagation process of ultrasonic in the bonding structure and variation law between ultrasonic and defects with different debonding length were analyzed in detail,and the relationship model between defect echo amplitude and debonding length was established;By building an ultrasonic testing experimental system,the simulated defects with different sizes at 21 mm were tested.After analyzing the test data,the relationship model between defect echo amplitude and debonding length was drawn.The results show that the relationship model between actual detection and simulated defect echo amplitude is consistent with that of debonding length,The correctness and reliability of the simulation model and the relationship model between defect amplitude and debonding length were verified,which provides a reference model and theoretical basis for the quantitative analysis of debonding detection of window bonding structure.