从《玉楸药解》探析黄元御药性理论

Analysis of drug property theory of HUANG Yuan-yu based on Yuqiu Yaojie

“中气(脾胃)-四维(肝、心、肺、肾)”的中气理论思维模型是黄元御医学理论的根基。中气理论对黄元御药性理论影响颇深,在《玉楸药解》一书中,黄元御将中气理论广泛发挥,利用中气理论解释部分药物的四气五味、升降浮沉等,将药物的升降浮沉与涉及脏腑相关联,使升降浮沉的阐释更为精确具体。《玉楸药解》自然属性之下又依归经排序的分类方式,以临床为出发点,为现代以功能为主系统的中药分类做了有益的探索。黄元御还坚决反对滥用剧毒药物,他天人相应、重土崇阳的思想在药性理论中也有具体表现。总体来说,黄元御并没有脱离传统药性理论范畴,而是立足于经典传统,将中气理论广泛发挥,试图将脏腑气机运动与药物的四气五味、归经、升降浮沉等相关联,为现代药性理论的发展做了有益的尝试。

The theoretical thinking model of‘middle qi(spleen and stomach)-four dimensions(liver,heart,lung,kidney)’was the foundation of Huang Yuanyu’s medical theory.The theory of middle qi had a profound influence on HUANG Yuan-yu’s theory of medicinal properties.In the book Yuqiu Yaojie,HUANG Yuan-yu used the theory of middle qi widely to explain the four nature and five flavours,ascending and descending,floating and sinking of drugs,relating these to the zang-fu organs,making the interpretation of ascending and descending,floating and sinking more precise and specific.Under the natural attributes,Yuqiu Yaojie based on the classification method of channel tropism,it took the clinical practice as the starting point and made a useful exploration for the modern Chinese medicine classification based on the function.HUANG Yuan-yu also resolutely opposed the abuse of highly toxic drugs.His thoughts of correspondence between human body and natural environment and respect for the earth and yang are also manifested in the theory of drug properties.In general,HUANG Yuan-yu did not deviate from the traditional medicinal theory,but based on the classical tradition,and he used the theory of middle qi extensively,trying to associate the movement of the zang-fu qi machanism with the four nature and five flavours of the medicine,channel tropism,ascending and descending,floating and sinking,which made a useful attempt for the development of modern medicine properties theory.