贵州威宁一次雹暴过程的雷达观测与数值模拟研究

Observation and Numerical Simulation Study of a Hailstorm in Weining Guizhou Province

为系统了解中国西南复杂地形区域雹暴的动力及微物理特征,聚焦贵州威宁,主要利用多普勒双偏振雷达对该地区发生的典型雹暴进行观测,并通过三维对流云模式对雹暴进行数值模拟。观测中,在对雷达观测资料进行质量控制的基础上,通过模糊逻辑的算法识别雹暴系统中的水成物粒子;数值模拟中,利用模式对雹暴的动力与微物理过程进行模拟,并对雹暴的人工消雹潜力进行分析。研究结果如下:(1)高原小槽东移及高低空急流的配合导致研究区域内产生雹暴;(2)雹暴的发展期及成熟期是冰雹形成的关键时段,雹暴系统中冰雹主要是低密度霰粒子及高密度霰粒子在过冷的环境下,与过冷水及其他水成物粒子相互作用后形成的;(3)利用三维对流云模式可以较好地再现雹暴的发展过程,模拟与观测结果基本一致,模拟也证实霰粒子与过冷液滴相互作用对于冰雹的形成至关重要;研究对于中国西南复杂地形区域雹暴预警预报及人工消雹具有一定的指导意义。

In order to systematically understand the dynamicand microphysical characteristics of hailstorms over complex terrain areas in southwestern China,Weining of Guizhou province is focused in this paper.The Doppler dual polarization radar and 3 D convective cloud model are used to observe and simulate the typical hailstorms that occur in the area respectively.In the observation,based on the quality control of the radar observation data,the hydrometeor particles in the hailstorm system were identified by a fuzzy logic algorithm and in the numerical simulation,the dynamic and microphysical processes of the hailstorm were simulated by using the model.The potential of artificial hail suppression of hailstorm was analyzed.The research results are as follows:(1)The eastward movement of the small plateau trough and the cooperation of high and low altitude jets caused the occurrence of hailstorms in the study area;(2) The developing period and mature period of the hailstorm are the key periods of hail formation,and in the hailstorm system,hail is mainly formed by low-density graupel particles and high-density graupel particles,which interacting with supercooled liquid drops and other hydrometeor particles in a supercooled environment;(3) the use of 3 D convective cloud model can better simulate hailstorms during the development process of hailstorm,and the simulation results are basically consistent with the observed results observations.The simulation also confirms that the interaction between the graupel particles and the supercooled droplets is very important for the formation of hails.This study has an identified guiding significance for the early warning and forecast of hailstorms and artificial hail suppression hail over the complex terrain areas in southwest China.