鄱阳湖区居民的社会资本、信息获取能力和湿地价值认知对其湿地保护意愿的影响分析

Influence of Social Capital, Information Acquisition Capability and Wetland Value Cognition of Residents in Poyang Lake Area on Their Willingness to Conserve Wetlands

采用结构方程模型,利用鄱阳湖区864份居民调查数据,研究鄱阳湖区居民的社会资本、信息获取能力和湿地价值认知对其湿地保护意愿的影响和作用机制,以期为提高鄱阳湖区居民的湿地保护意愿水平和相关政策的制定提供经验证据。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖区居民的社会资本对其湿地保护意愿具有显著的正向影响,其中,居民的社会网络和社会参与对其湿地保护意愿产生直接激励效应,并通过湿地价值认知的中介作用,对其湿地保护意愿具有间接正向影响,社会信任主要通过湿地价值认知对其湿地保护意愿产生间接激励效应;居民的信息获取能力未对其湿地保护意愿产生直接影响,但是,因信息获取能力显著正向影响湿地价值认知,并通过湿地价值认知,对居民的湿地保护意愿产生间接激励效应;高收入、风险规避型和受教育程度较高居民群体的社会资本和信息获取能力对其湿地保护意愿的直接影响更大,风险喜好型居民群体的社会资本和信息获取能力对其湿地保护意愿主要产生间接影响,低收入居民群体的社会参与对其湿地保护意愿的直接和间接效应更大,受教育程度较低居民群体的社会信任对其湿地保护意愿的直接影响更大。为了提高鄱阳湖区居民的湿地保护意愿水平,应该积极培育居民的社会资本,持续提升居民的社会资源积累;完善村集体信息网络服务建设,增强居民的信息获取能力;加强宣传和教育工作,提高居民的环境认知水平;提升居民的收入水平,增强居民的生计稳定性;推动环境风险宣传与指导,提高居民的环境风险认知水平;引进教育资源,提高居民的受教育水平和文化素养。

Based on the survey data of 864 residents in Poyang Lake area in August 2019, a structural equation model is used to analyze the influence mechanism of social capital, information acquisition capability and wetland value cognition on residents’ willingness to conserve wetlands. It hopes to provide empirical references for improving their willingness to conserve wetlands and formulating relevant policies. The results show that the social capital of residents in Poyang Lake area has a significant positive impact on their willingness to conserve wetlands. Among them, social network and social participation have a direct incentive effect on their willingness to conserve wetlands, and have an indirect positive impact on the willingness through the intermediary role of wetland value cognition. Social trust mainly has an indirect incentive effect on their willingness through the effect of wetland value cognition. Residents’ information acquisition capability does not have a significant direct incentive effect on the willingness, but has a significant positive effect on wetland value cognition, and shows an indirect incentive effect on willingness through wetland value cognition. The direct incentive effects of social capital and information acquisition capability are higher for residents with high-income levels, risk-averse attitudes and high education levels. The effects of social capital and information acquisition capability for risk-loving residents are mainly achieved through indirect effects. The direct and indirect incentive effects of social participation for low-income residents on their willingness to conserve wetlands are higher. The direct effects of social trust for less-educated residents are higher. The following measures is suggested to take to improve residents’ willingness to conserve wetlands in Poyang Lake area:(1) Cultivate the social capital of residents and continuously improve the accumulation of social resources.(2) Improve information services and enhance residents’ capability of information acquisition.(3) Strengthen publicity and education to improve residents’ environmental awareness level.(4) Improve residents’ income levels and enhance their livelihood stability.(5) Launch public education and provide risk prevention guidance to improve residents’ environmental risk awareness level.(6) Introduce better educational resources to improve residents’ education level and cultural literacy.