青海省南门峡国家湿地公园鸟类群落多样性

Diversity of Bird Community in South Gate Gap National Wetland Park in Qinghai Province

2019年3月至12月,在南门峡国家湿地公园内,设置了14个观察点和3条观察样线,进行了野外鸟类调查,研究了该湿地公园鸟类群落的多样性。研究结果表明,在南门峡国家湿地公园的观察点和观察样线,共记录16目34科71属124种鸟类,其中,有2种国家一级重点保护野生鸟类,有14种国家二级保护野生鸟类,有50种国家“三有”(有益的、有重要经济价值、有科学研究价值)野生鸟类,有12种青海省重点保护野生鸟类;在124种鸟类中,有夏候鸟31种,有冬候鸟6种,有旅鸟27种,有留鸟60种;有96种属广布种(占77.42%),有24种属古北界物种(占19.35%),有4种属东洋界物种(占3.23%);在5处观察地中,南门峡水库区鸟类群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(3.432)最大,卷槽沟区鸟类群落Pielou均匀性指数(0.791)最大,宣传教育中心附近区域鸟类群落的Simpson多样性指数(0.530)最大;春季和夏季南门峡国家湿地公园的鸟类群落多样性水平都高于秋季。

From March to December 2019, 14 observation sites and 3 observation transect lines were set up to conduct bird surveys and study the diversity of bird communities in South Gate Gap National Wetland Park.The results showed that there were 124 species of birds in South Gate Gap National Wetland Park during March to December 2019, which belong to 16 orders, 34 families and 71 genera. Among these species, 2species are national first-class protected species and 14 species are second-class protected species, 50 species are“three haves”, and 12 species(9.68%) are under key protected species in Qinghai province. In these 124species, 31 species are summer visitors, 6 species are winter visitors, 27 species are passaging migrants and 60species are residents. Among these birds, 96 species(77.42%) are widespread ones, 24 species(19.35%)belong to Palearctic realm, and 4 species(4.23%) are Oriental. Among the five observation sites, the value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index was the highest in Nanmenxia reservoir area, and the value of Pielou evenness index was the highest in Juancao valley area, the value of Simpson diversity index was the highest in the area near the publicity and education center. The levels of bird diversity were higher in spring and summer than that in autumn.