灌河下游水体中溶解态重金属的季节变化及其影响因素研究

Seasonal Characteristics of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Lower Reaches of Guanhe River

本文于2019年1—12月期间,在灌河下游进行每月1次的样品采集工作,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定溶解态Mn、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb的浓度,并对其季节分布特征和来源进行分析。结果表明,溶解态Mn、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb的浓度变化范围分别为0.99~58.39、1.86~13.66、3.44~21.84、2.30~4.28、0.016~0.096、0.33~1.01μg/L,溶解态Cu、As浓度最高值在7月,溶解态Ni、Pb浓度最高值在4月,溶解态Mn、Cd浓度在1月最高,季节性的人类活动和降雨是影响灌河下游溶解态重金属季节变化的主要因素。主成分分析表明Mn、Ni、Pb主要来源于工业废物、煤炭燃烧和汽车尾气,Cd主要来自工业源和农业源,Cu、As主要来源于农田灌溉废水和农药化肥。

The seasonal variations and sources of dissolved Mn,Ni,Cu,As,Cd,Pb in the lower reaches of Guanhe River were analyzed and discussed,based on the samples collected from January 2019 to December 2019.Results showed that the concentration of dissolved Mn,Ni,Cu,As,Cd,Pb had ranges of 0.99~58.39,1.86~13.66,3.44~21.84,2.30~4.28,0.016~0.096,0.33~1.01μg/L,respectively.The highest values of dissolved Cu,As appeared in July,dissolved Ni,Pb in April,and dissolved Mn,Cd in January.Seasonal anthropogenic activities and rainfall were the main factors affecting the seasonal variation of dissolved heavy metals.Principal component analysis showed that Mn,Ni and Pb mainly derived from industrial wastes,coal combustion and automobile exhaust,Cd was mainly from agricultural and industrial sources,and Cu and As were primarily from agriculture wastewater,pesticides and fertilizers.