法国生物多样性保护中央政府专职机构的经验与启示——基于建制与职能的视角

Experience and Inspiration of French Central Government Agencies Regarding Biodiversity Conservation:From the Perspective of Institution and Function

《昆明宣言》的通过开启了世界生物多样性保护的新篇章,也彰显了中国政府承担生物多样性保护职责的决心与毅力。与中国相比,法国在生物多样性保护领域有着更为长久的历史。经过长期的法律演化与机构改革,法国于2020年组建了中央层级的专职机构—生物多样性办公室(OFB)。该办公室主要职能是统筹法国全境的生物多样性保护工作。OFB不但在组织体制、运行模式、现实成效、实践经验上具有显著优势而且在实现国际条约中所要求的发挥政府职能方面效果突出。法国的OFB模式与我国机构改革目的具有相似性。并且OFB在提升生物多样性保护的工作效率、实现部委机关及中央-地方间的职责协同方面亦具有显著优势。借鉴法国的经验可以为我国在生物多样性保护工作中落实政府的职责提供启示与借鉴。

The adoption of Kunming Declaration opens a new chapter in the protection of biodiversity in the world,and also demonstrates the determination and perseverance of the Chinese government to undertake the responsibility of biodiversity protection.Compared with China,France has a longer history in the field of biodiversity conservation.After a long period of legal evolution and institutional reform,France established the France Biodiversity Office(OFB),a central-level organization,in 2020.Its main function is to co-ordinate biodiversity conservation across the country.OFB not only has significant advantages in organizational system,operation mode,practical results and experience,but also has outstanding effects in realizing the government functions required in international treaties.France’s OFB model is similar to China’s institutional restructuring aims,and OFB has significant advantages in improving the efficiency of biodiversity conservation and achieving the coordination of responsibilities between departments and organs and between central and local governments.The experience of France can provide enlightenment and reference for China to fulfill the government’s responsibility in biodiversity protection.