基于艾叶“陈久者良”的习用历史对现行质量标准的分析与思考

Analysis and Reflection on the Current Quality Standards of Artemisia Argyi Based on the Historical View of Longer Preservation Leads to Better Efficacy

艾叶为常用中药,具有温经止血、散寒止痛作用,距今有两千多年的使用历史。诸多中医药古籍中有鲜艾、生艾、熟艾、陈艾等品规记载,历来有艾叶“陈久者良”之说。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》和地方规范中均收载有艾叶。艾叶有新陈之分,然而现在相关标准中未明确新艾和陈艾。为了厘清艾叶历史习用规格及加工方法,探讨现行质量标准的合理性和科学性,现从古籍文献、现代法规及关于新艾与陈艾在成分、药效和不良反应等方面的现代研究,系统综述新艾与陈艾差异,分析将艾叶分为新、陈2种规格的合理性和必要性,为完善艾叶质量标准提供古今文献依据。

Artemisia argyi leaves are the commonly used Chinese medicinal material with a history of more than two thousand years.They have the functions of warming the meridian,stopping bleeding,dispelling cold and relieving pain.In many ancient traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)books,there are records of fresh,raw,cooked,and aged A.argyi leaves,and there has been a long view of longer preservation of A.argyi leaves leads to better efficacy.A.argyi leaves are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of current edition and local regulations,but there are no relevant specified standards for fresh and aged A.argyi leaves.To clarify the customary specifications and processing methods of A.Argyi leaves in history,and to explore the rationality and scientificity of the existing quality standards,this paper systematically reviewed the differences between fresh and aged A.argyi leaves and analyzed the rationality and necessity of dividing A.argyi leaves into the two specifications based on ancient books,modern regulations and modern research on the composition,efficacy and side effects of fresh and aged A.argyi leaves.The paper provided ancient and modern literature basis for improving the quality standard of A.argyi leaves.