学校体育政策的话语透视:注意力分配、聚焦点及其变化——基于1987—2021年教育部《工作要点》的文本分析

Discourse Perspective of School Physical Education Policy:Attention Allocation,Focus and Evolution Trend—A Textual Analysis Based on the Work Points of the Ministry of Education(1987—2019)

以1987—2021年教育部《工作要点》为研究对象,运用文本分析法剖析我国学校体育政策话语的注意力配置特征。研究发现,从总关注点数量看,1987—2000年属波荡期,2001—2011年为稳定期,2012之后处于增长期;在条件保障、教育质量、发展建设、监督评估四个维度上注意力分配比例并不均衡,对学校体育监督评价注意力分配明显不足,但总体呈上升趋势;且要素之间分配差异明显,分为深度聚焦、中度聚焦和轻度聚焦三类,根据要素注意力变化分为持续关注型、成长型、间断型和衰退型。建议《工作要点》坚守发展公平而有质量教育的主线,稳定注意力,补充教育监督与评价、创设家校社协同育人格局的元素,促进多方参与,推动学校体育法制化和治理能力不断加强。

With the Work Points of the Ministry of Education from 1987~2021 as the subject,we used textual analysis to dissect the attention allocation characteristics of China's school physical education policy discourse.The study found that in terms of the number of total attention points,1987~2000 was a fluctuating period,2001~2011 was a stable period,and since 2012,it has been in an increasing period.The proportion of attention distribution on the four dimensions of condition guarantee,education quality,development and construction,and supervision and evaluation was not balanced,and the attention distribution on the supervision and evaluation of school sports was obviously insufficient,but the overall trend was on the rise.And the distribution difference between the elements is obvious,divided into three categories:deep focus,medium focus and light focus,and according to the changes in the attention of the elements are divided into continuous attention type,growth type,intermittent type and decline type.It is recommended that the Working Points adhere to the main line of developing fair and quality education,stabilize attention,supplement the elements of educational supervision and evaluation,create a collaborative parenting pattern of home,school and community,promote the participation of multiple parties,and promote the legalization of school physical education and the continuous strengthening of governance capacity.