“三生”视角下传统村落分级分类监测体系的构建

Construction of A Classified Monitoring System for Traditional Villages from the Perspective of"Production,Life,and Ecology"

传统村落保护利用已进入全面实现乡村振兴与高质量发展的历史性时期,当下如何汲取前一阶段的工作经验,持续探寻传统村落活态化保护利用的前沿理论显得尤为关键。近年来,由于监管缺失导致传统村落“建设性破坏”的现象依然普遍存在,亟待针对传统村落的分级分类监测体系展开研究。基于“三生”视角,研究传统村落监测体系的构建原理及其相应的技术路径,构建包含监测指标、监测机制与监测标准的监测体系。同时采用多准则决策法进一步筛选出与保护优先型、发展优先型及传承优先型(综合型)传统村落相匹配的监测指标,实现监测体系的分级与分类。并且建立起监测体系在实际应用中的反馈机制模型。研究结果在一定程度上为传统村落监测工作提供引导准则,提升了传统村落活态化保护利用相关工作的效率与参与主体丰富度,有利于传统村落监测工作的持续发展。

Traditional villages in China have entered a historic period of comprehensive rural revitalization and high-quality development.However,China has now been pursuing urban economic development and promoting urbanization continuously at the expense of environmental protection and village resources for an extended period.This has caused many issues,such as damage to the current village environment,lost productivity,and insufficient development momentum.Problems related to economic development,ecological protection,and quality of life in traditional villages are becoming increasingly prominent for several reasons.Firstly,there are many types of traditional village in China,which exacerbates the lack of experience and knowledgeable personnel for village protection and management.Traditional villages face a choice between"constructive destruction"or"preservation destruction"due to insufficient support with management and maintenance technologies.Secondly,rather than taking a main role in preservation and protection,villagers are accustomed to a"top-down"mode of work.As a result,they are not active participants in the protection and utilization of villages,nor do they have awareness of the importance of traditional village protection or the negative impacts of low participation.Since villagers are used to the"top-down"model and don't consciously participate in protection and reuse of villages,villagers who are involved in traditional village protection have poor understanding of the importance of traditional village protection and low overall participation.They key lies in how to innovate for dynamic protection and reuse of traditional villages continuously based on working experiences and lessons in the previous stage.There is an urgent need to study the system for grading and classification of traditional villages to address their existing problems.In this study,the monitoring system of traditional villages and the corresponding technical paths were explored from the perspectives of production,life,and ecology.Firstly,the monitoring index database was organized and refined based on a field survey and a literature review concerning dynamic protection evaluation and monitoring systems of traditional villages.Secondly,indexes were divided into quantitative and non-quantitative types,and the monitoring mechanism(monitoring technical methods and means)was studied.Thirdly,the monitoring criteria for existing standard indexes and non-standard indexes were determined by the benchmarking method.Fourthly,monitoring indexes which agree with protection-oriented,development-oriented,and heritage-oriented(comprehensive)traditional villages were further screened from the index database using the multi-criteria decision method by combining the production,life,and ecology characteristics of different levels and types of traditional villages.These monitoring indexes were used to grade and classify the monitoring system.Furthermore,a monitoring system for grading and classification of traditional villages involving indexes,mechanisms,and criteria was established and a feedback mechanism model for practical applications was constructed.Results demonstrated that:(1)The perspectives of production,life,and ecology have high universality and strong guiding significance to various types of Chinese traditional village with extensive geographical distribution.(2)Existing monitoring strategies must be organized,integrated,supplemented,and perfected.(3)A monitoring mechanism that involves diverse parties of villagers,government,residential planners,and architects is formulated in this study,which enriches the participants and participation methods for dynamic protection and reuse of traditional villages.(4)This monitoring system,which contains monitoring indexes,monitoring mechanisms,monitoring criteria,and monitoring feedback can improve efficiency in dynamic protection and reuse of traditional villages.Because this study has shortcomings,such as subjectivity in selection of monitoring indexes,insufficient quantization of monitoring indexes,insufficient applicability feedback regarding the monitoring system,etc.,deeper studies are needed in future.