社区商业性生活街道老幼互动行为场景研究——三个广州案例实证

Study on the Interactive Behavioral Setting of the Elderly and the Young in Commercial Living Streets in Communities:Empirical Research of Three Cases in Guangzhou

儿童友好社区和老年友好社区的发展理念已在国内试点城市推进实践,但社区建设中的老幼友好规划设计研究尚处于起步阶段。为探索社区生活街道如何为老幼人群提供接触他人、融入社区的良好支持,利用行为跟踪法和环境行为定点观察法,以广州的三个典型社区商业性生活街道为研究对象,对老幼群体在街道中的行为特征和互动场景模式进行分析与归纳,总结提出老幼人群互动的五种行为模式、典型街道生活场景模式和三种行为序列。从增进社区老幼互动、提升社区街道活力的角度,提出设施邻近和设施共享的社区生活设施复合布局模式构想。

The development of child-friendly and elderlyfriendly communities has been practiced in domestic pilot cities.However,studies are lacking on child-friendly and elderly-friendly planning and design in community construction.To explore how living streets in communities provide the elderly and the young with effective support to contact others and integrate with the community,the daily life of these two groups on commercial living streets in three typical communities in Guangzhou were observed using the behavioral tracking method and fixed-point observation method.Moreover,diagrams of typical usage behavior trajectories and facility usage correlation analysis on different streets were plotted.Behavioral characteristics and interaction scene modes of the elderly and the young on streets were analyzed and summarized.From the perspective of behaviors,the lives of the elderly and the young on streets in communities combine planning and randomness,behavioral sequences,and other characteristics.Five behavioral modes for the interactions of the elderly and the young were summarized,including children-centered learning behaviors,playing behaviors,sports behaviors,and dietary behaviors as well as the elderly-centered shopping behaviors.From the perspective of scenes,typical scenes of life on streets include the doorway scene mode of shops and vital scene mode with composite functions alongside nodes of open spaces.It found that elements which promote the interactions of the elderly and the young include walkability of streets,safe activity environment,appropriately-scaled doorway spaces of shops,attractive functions,and businesses.The behaviors and scenes are further combined,and the theory of spatial"anchoring points"is introduced.Three behavioral sequences of daily life of the elderly and the young were established,including the schooling behavioral sequence of children,the playing behavioral sequence of children,and the shopping behavioral sequence of the elderly.Finally,two concepts for community life facility combined layouts were proposed to strengthen the interactions of the elderly and the young and improve the vitality of streets in communities:"facility neighboring"and"facility sharing".The mixed spatial environment and facility layout for the elderly and the young can improve the utilization and social benefits of facilities.However,not all spaces are applicable to integration of facilities for the elderly and the young.In the future,new methods of behavioral demand monitoring will be introduced and data accumulation should be strengthened.The feasibility,necessity,and recombination of supporting facilities in communities should be studied comprehensively.Appropriate ranges of quantitative indexes for facility layout should be explored across the life cycle to accurately improve quality of supporting life facilities and public space environmental quality in communities.