回归传统还是向现代转变——年龄、时期和队列视角下中国人性别角色观念的变迁

Returning to Tradition or Changing to Modernity——An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on the Changing of Gender Role Perceptions on Chinese

文章基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2010—2017年五期数据,利用年龄、时期和队列(APC)分析方法探索我国居民性别角色观念的变迁,重点探讨队列效应和其在性别、城乡上的变化规律。研究发现:年龄与性别角色观念呈现“U”型关系;性别角色观念随时期呈现单调递增,稳定向现代转变;性别角色观念随着出生队列的推迟先向传统回归后向现代转变,并在新中国成立和改革开放时期出现效应高峰;城乡居民和两性间的性别角色观念在队列维度上有显著的差异。建议加强男女平等国策落实中的政策和法律保障,有效缩小两性性别角色观念的差距,推动性别角色观念向现代转变。

Based on data from the China General Social Survey(CGSS)2010-2017,we used the age-period-cohort(APC)analysis method to explore the changing gender role perceptions of Chinese residents,focusing on the cohort effect and its changing patterns in terms of gender and urban/rural areas.The study finds that:age and gender role perceptions show a“U”shaped relationship;gender role perceptions show a monotonic increase with time period and a steady shift towards modernity;gender role perceptions first return to traditional and then to modernity as the birth cohort is delayed,with a peak effect during the founding of New China and the reform and opening-up period;gender role perceptions between urban and rural residents and between the sexes There are significant differences in gender role perceptions between urban and rural residents and between the sexes in the cohort dimension.It is suggested that policies and laws should be strengthened to ensure the implementation of the national policy of gender equality,so as to effectively narrow the gap between the sexes and promote the modernization of gender role perceptions.