基因编辑在血管外科中的应用进展

Application progress of gene editing in vascular surgery

基因编辑是一种对生物体基因进行目标序列改变的基因工程技术,通过对特定序列的精确改变,达到对目的基因定点编辑和DNA修饰。目前基因编辑的类型以DNA编辑为主,其方法主要是基于成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)及其相关蛋白(Cas)系统的碱基编辑,近年来新发现的Prime编辑方法由于其较好的特性也备受青睐。但是DNA编辑由于涉及DNA序列的改变,在临床试验中面临复杂的安全问题和伦理问题,所以在疾病的治疗和临床应用方面仍需谨慎。而另一种基因编辑类型——RNA编辑以其良好的编辑效果、较好的安全性和乐观的临床应用前景,正在逐渐成为新的基因编辑研究热点。本综述主要对基因编辑进行简单的总结并对其在血管外科中的应用提出初步设想和展望。

Gene editing is a genetic engineering technology to change the target sequence of biological genes.Through the accurate change of specific sequences,the purpose of targeted gene editing and DNA modification can be achieved.Currently the major type of gene editing is DNA editing,the mainly method of which is base editing based on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and their associated proteins(Cas)system.In recent years,a newly discovered Prime editing is also favored for its characteristics.However,as DNA editing involves the change of DNA sequence,which will face complex safety and ethical problems in clinical trials,it is still very cautious in the treatment and clinical application.While RNA editing,another type of gene editing,is gradually becoming a new research hotspot of gene editing because of its higher editing efficiency,safety and promising clinical application.This paper briefly summarizes gene editing and puts forward prospect to the application in vascular surgery.