“天心”即“爱人”——论董仲舒的仁说

“The Core of Heaven’s Will” is Benevolence: A Brief Analysis of Dong Zhongshu’s Theory of Benevolence

学界长期忽视了董仲舒仁说思想在政治治理领域的研究。董仲舒首先为其仁说在政治治理领域的展开设立天道论依据,以“天”对自然界万事万物的“生”表达出的喜悦之情与仁爱之心论证仁政存在的合法性。其次,董仲舒仁说思想的应用体现在现实政治领域的各个方面:第一,在政治施行方面,遵循德主刑辅的原则;第二,在王道教化目的方面,希望人民遵循礼义的原则;第三,在经济发展方面,要求统治者不与民争利。最终,董仲舒的仁说思想不仅继承发展了先秦仁学理论,也影响了后世《白虎通》中仁说理论的建立,使得《白虎通》在天道与人道两方面均继承发展了董仲舒的仁说。

The academic circle has neglected the research of Dong Zhongshu’s theory of benevolence in the field of political governance for a long time.In fact,his theory of benevolence in the field of political governance covers the following aspects.Firstly,he established the theory of the way of heaven for the development of the theory of benevolence in the field of political governance,and demonstrated the legitimacy of the existence of benevolent governance with joy and benevolence of the“birth”of all things in nature expressed by“heaven”.Secondly,the application of his theory of benevolence is reflected in all aspects of the real political field:in terms of the implementation of politics,he put forward the principle of morality given priority over penalty;in terms of the purpose of kingly education,he hoped that the people would follow the principle of etiquette and righteousness;in terms of economic development,he required the rulers not to compete for profits with ordinary people.Finally,his theory of benevolence not only inherited and developed the theory of benevolence in the pre-Qin Dynasty,but also influenced the establishment of the theory of benevolence in the later Baihu Tong,which inherited and developed his theory of benevolence in both the way of heaven and the way of man.