韩非子对荀子礼学思想的通变

The Adaptability of Han Feizi to Xunzi’s Thought on Rites

战国是中国文化学术史的轴心时代,《荀子》与《韩非子》皆是历经百代淘洗的经典。韩、荀学术虽各具独特品格,但又相互融生。韩非子与李斯俱事荀卿的历史事实,使得韩非子的法术范畴与荀子的礼学思想存在天然的通变关系。韩非子对荀子礼学的“通”体现在三个方面:“得君行道”,学术成为公器与国君的结合;礼学与法术之学都以政治为中心;学术品格独特而鲜明。而其“变”则体现在三个转向上:从王与礼的统一转向人主与法的统一;从纷繁复杂的礼学体系转向简明扼要的法术之学;学术品格从自由、独立转向功利化、依附性。

The Warring States Period was the pivotal era of Chinese cultural and academic history.Both Xunzi and Han Feizi were thought to be classics going through hundreds of generations.Although Xun Zi’s and Han Feizi’s academics have their own unique characters relatively,they are integrated into each other.The historical fact that Han Feizi and Lisi both served Xunzi made the category of“fa”and“shu”(generally,referring to the means of calling wind and rain,expelling ghosts and eliminating diseases carried out by immortals,warlocks and witches)of Han Feizi and the thought of ritualism of Xunzi have a natural relationship of accommodation.Han Feizi’s understanding of Xunzi’s theory of rites is embodied in three aspects:“de jun xing dao”(It means talented people were trusted by enlightened monarchs to carry out their own political ideas and plans),indicating academics become the combination of the public tool and the monarch;both the studies of rites and“fa”and“shu”are centered on politics;the academic character is unique and distinct.While its“change”is reflected in three changes:from the unity of kings and rituals to that of human masters and law;from the complicated system of rituals to the concise study of“fa”and“shu”;from free and independent academic character to utilitarian and dependent academic character.