龙眼去核关键部件设计与试验

Design and experiment of key components for longan core removal

目的:解决龙眼机械去核果肉完整性差的问题,获取灯笼状果肉。方法:以广东“储良”龙眼鲜果为研究对象,设计了去核关键部件,搭建去核试验平台,采用顶杆去核和柔性垫圈定位的去核方法,选择影响去核效果的顶杆直径、橡胶垫圈孔径和顶杆速度3个主要因素,以去核成功率、去核损失率和果肉完整系数为评价指标,进行单因素和正交试验。结果:影响去核综合性能的因素顺序依次为橡胶垫圈孔径>顶杆直径>顶杆速度;顶杆直径为7 mm,橡胶垫圈孔径为14 mm,顶杆速度为400 mm/min为最佳去核效果。结论:以柔性垫圈定位的顶杆式去核方法和合适的去核作业参数实现机械去核获取龙眼灯笼状果肉是可行的。

Objective:In order to solve the problem of poor integrity with mechanical coring and get the lantern pulp,and explore the factors affecting the performance of longan coring.Methods:Taking Guangdong'Chuliang'longan fresh fruit as the research object,the key parts of core removal were designed and the core removal test platform was built.The core removal method with the ejector pin and flexible washer positioning was adopted.The ejector diameter,the rubber washer bore diameter and the ejector speed were chosen as the three main factors,and the stoning success rate,the stoning loss rate and the pulp integrity coefficient were chosen as the evaluation indicators.The single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed.Results:The experiments showed that the ranking of influence was rubber washer aperture>ejector diameter>ejector speed.When the ejector diameter was 7 mm,the rubber washer bore diameter was 14 mm and the ejector speed was 400 mm/min,the best stoning effect was got.Conclusion:It is feasible to obtain longan lantern pulp by the ejector rod mechanical enucleation method positioned with flexible washer and appropriate enucleation operation parameters.