基于单元探测器的激光跟踪技术研究

Laser Tracking Method Based on Single-Element Detector

在激光通信、激光制导和交会对接的过程中,为了实现对远距离目标的捕获和跟踪,提出了一种基于单元探测器的激光跟踪技术,该技术以单元探测器测量距离信息,通过快反镜使光束螺旋扫描视场,并反馈角度信息,由此得到三维图像。信号处理端通过处理三维图像可以获取目标相对视场中心的脱靶量,控制端根据脱靶量驱动快反镜偏转,使目标一直处于扫描视场中,从而实现目标跟踪。该技术的优点是能将单元探测器引入到捕获跟踪领域中,不再需要使用阵列探测器定位回波光斑的中心,所以回波能量密度更高,有利于实现远距离的激光跟踪,特别是能够结合单光子探测器来极大地提高跟踪距离。使用该方法进行了仿真实验,并在室内使对3.75 m处的目标进行了捕获跟踪实验。实验结果表明,仿真与实验结果具有很高的一致性,其中对角速度为9.07 mrad/s目标的捕获概率达到了72.5%。

In the process of laser communication,laser guidance,rendezvous and docking in order to achieve the acquisition and tracking of long-distance targets,a laser tracking method based on single-element detector is proposed in this paper. A single-element detector is used to measure the distance information,and a fast mirror is used to scan the field of view in spiral line. With the angle information of fast mirror and distance information of detector,a three-dimensional image is generated. Through signal processing,the center of target in 3D image can be obtained and the control module drives the fast mirror to start next scan according to the difference between target center and FOV center,so that the target is always in the scanning FOV and target tracking is realized. The advantage of this method is that the single-element detector can be introduced into tracking task,and the array detector is no longer needed to locate the center of target,and therefore the echo energy density is much higher and the tracking range can be much longer,especailly with the incorporation of single photon avanche detector. With this method,the simulation experiment has been carried out and the target at 3.75 m is captured and tracked. The experimental results show that the simulation and experimental results are consistent with each other,and the acquisition probability of target with diagonal velocity of 9.07 mrad/s is 72.5%.