清初东北各民族保疆卫土与中华民族共同体意识的发展

The Protection of the Territory and the Development of the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community in the Early Qing Dynasty

元明清时代是实现整个中国的大统一时期,统一的多民族国家的进一步巩固促进了东北各民族中华民族共同体意识的进一步发展,也促进了中华民族共同体的不断发展。清初,在中央王朝内部,生活在中国东北黑龙江流域的各民族由于地域、族源和文化等因素与中央政府保持着紧密联系,并确立了宗主关系,清王朝通过联姻、赏赐、编设八旗等政策不断强化东北各民族对中央政府的政治认同。在外部,清王朝和东北各民族面临着外敌入侵。正是在共同抗击外来侵略的过程中,东北各民族的民族意识得以激发,中华民族整体意识和中华民族认同感不断增强,保家卫国的朴素爱国主义塑造着东北各民族的国家认同,也促使中华民族共同体意识在“自在发展”中不断走向“自觉发展”,近代中国疆域意识和领土意识不断生成。

The era of Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties is the period of realizing the great reunification of the whole China.The further consolidation of the unified multi-ethnic country not only promoted the further development of the consciousness of the Chinese national community of all nationalities in Northeast China,but also promoted the continuous development of the Chinese national community.In the early Qing Dynasty,within the central dynasty,the ethnic groups living in the Heilongjiang Basin in Northeast China maintained close contact with the central government due to geographical,ethnic origin and cultural factors,and established the patriarchal relationship.The Qing Dynasty continuously strengthened the political identity of the ethnic groups in the northeast to the central government through marriage,reward and the establishment of eight banners.On the outside,the Qing Dynasty and all nationalities in Northeast China were facing the invasion of foreign enemies.It is in the process of jointly fighting against foreign aggression that the national consciousness of all ethnic groups in Northeast China has been stimulated,the overall consciousness of the Chinese nation and the sense of Chinese national identity have been continuously strengthened,and the simple patriotism of defending the country has shaped the national identity of all ethnic groups in Northeast China,which has also promoted the continuous“conscious development”of the sense of Chinese national identity in the“free development”,and the continuous generation of territorial consciousness and territorial consciousness in modern China.