孤独的返乡之旅——论鲁迅与沈从文的寂寞

A Lonely Journey Home--On the‘Loneliness’of Lu Xun and Shen Congwen

关于鲁迅与沈从文的对比研究,以往学界关注更多的是二者的“异”,对于“同”处多多少少有所忽略。事实上,表面呈现出自由个人与家国天下双峰并峙的他们在相互碰撞间也有着明显交集。他们同样在“自由”与“群治”的张力空间里挣扎,目的共同指向民族的发展。由于所处的社会、政治氛围,他们的奋斗换来了一己孤独体验,在独战多次失败后,二者将回忆中的童年故土作为破败生命的返栖所,反映了中国现代知识分子如何在战斗挫折的寂寞中调整自己,从而再次奋斗的心路历程。对于他们的由寂寞产生的精神返乡的研究也有利于印证文学创作的发生、认知世界的方式、教育体制的设定诸问题。

In previous comparative studies on Lu Xun and Shen Congwen,the academic community paid more attention to the“differences”between them while more or less neglecting their“similarities”.In fact,the two great modern Chinese writers share much in common,besides their unyielding faith in individual freedom and unfailing loyalty to the motherland.Struggling in the tension space of“pursuit of freedom”and“government of the people”,they were united in one aim:to renovate and prosper the nation.Due to the social and political atmospheres they were in,their personal struggling brought them nothing but a lifelong experience of loneliness.Pitting themselves against the mainstream or majority of Chinese literati and frustrated by repeated failures to remold the Chinese minds,both Lu Xun and Shen Congwen chose to embark on a spiritual journey homeward,retreating to where they were born,in search of a tranquil place for their restive minds to dwell upon.This reflects how modern Chinese intellectuals adjusted themselves to setbacks and to loneliness and how they recollected their strength,ready to fight again.An investigation into their spiritual homeward journey caused by loneliness may conduce to a better understanding of the occurrence of literary creation,the way of understanding the world and the setting of education system.