滨海生态空间植物配置模式及其景观效益评价研究——以鹦鹉洲生态湿地为例

A research on plant disposition patterns and evaluation on landscape benefit of coastal ecological space--A case study on Yingwuzhou Ecological Wetland

通过对建成3年的鹦鹉洲生态湿地开展实地调查,根据景观功能差异将场地植物配置分为3种类型,筛选出3种不同功能类型的典型植物样地共11个,利用AHP模型对各样地景观效益进行定量和定性评价.结果表明,当植物物种多样性较高,且各层植物数量、观赏特性分布都较均匀时,此种植物配置模式的景观效益较高.比较得出3种不同景观功能的植物配置模式中景观效益最佳的配置模式如下:游憩观赏功能类植物配置模式中样地Ⅰ-3(湿地松(pinus elliottii)+旱柳(Salix matsudana Koidz)—木芙蓉(Hibiscus mutabilis Linn.)+小兔子狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides cv.‘Little Bunny’)—金叶苔草(Carex‘Evergold’)+矮生百慕大(Cynodon dactylon))景观效益最佳分值为6.92,生态修复功能类植物配置模式中样地Ⅱ-2(湿地松(pinus elliottii)+柽柳(Tamarix chinensis Lour.)—芦苇(Phragmites australis)+香蒲(Typha angustifolia)—矮生百慕大(Cynodon dactylon))分值6.50,防护功能类植物配置模式中样地Ⅲ-4(落羽杉(Taxodium distichum(L.)Rich.)+东方杉(Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei)—紫叶李(Prunus Cerasifera Ehrhar f.atropurpurea(Jacq.)Reh)+木芙蓉(Hibiscus mutabilis Linn.)—矮生百慕大(Cynodon dactylon))分值7.17.

Based on the field survey of the three-year-old Yingwuzhou Ecological Wetland,the site's plant configuration was divided into three types according to the differences in landscape functions,and a total of 11 typical plant plots with three different functional types were screened out.The AHP model is used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate various plot objects,and the results show that,when the plant species diversity is high,and the number of plants in each layer and the distribution of ornamental characteristics are relatively uniform,the landscape benefit of this plant configuration mode is higher.The final comparison shows that among the three plant configuration modes with different landscape functions,the configuration mode with the best landscape benefits is as follows:the best score for the landscape benefit of plot I-3(pinus elliottii+Salix matsudana Koidz—Hibiscus mutabilis Linn.+Pennisetum alopecuroides cv.‘Little Bunny’—Carex‘Evergold’+Cynodon dactylon)in the recreational and ornamental functional plant configuration model is 6.92.PlotⅡ-2(pinus elliottii+Tamarix chinensis Lour.—Phragmites australis+Typha angustifolia—Cynodon dactylon)in the configuration mode of ecological restoration functional plants with a score of 6.50.The sample plotⅢ-4(Taxodium distichum(L.)Rich.+Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei—Prunus Cerasifera Ehrhar f.atropurpurea(Jacq.)Reh+Hibiscus mutabilis Linn.—Cynodon dactylon)in the protective function plant configuration mode is 7.17.