心性与政治的贯通:陆九渊治道思想析论

The Connection Between Mind and Politics:Research on Lu Jiuyuan′s Thought on Governance

陆九渊在“心即理”的话语下将天理视作为政治制度构建和政治行为活动的正当性基础,认为施政者只有通过一定的工夫修养,使本心澄明,心之理与天之理相贯,才能顺理而治,践理而行,构建良制并实施良治。就制度构建而言,陆九渊以复三代之政为价值指向,在政治制度方面倡导改革官制,裁撤机构,淘汰冗员;在经济制度方面主张推行“取予两得”的赋税制度;在社会制度层面提倡实施平籴仓与社仓并行互补的管理模式以解决民生问题。就行为规范而言,陆九渊在君臣共治的话语下阐发了君臣各自的职分,强调君臣一体,共理天下。陆九渊关于治道方面的论述打开了心学的政治之维,建构了将内而治己以做圣贤与外而从政以行王道相结合的理学经世路径。

Lu Jiuyuan regarded the heavenly principle as the legitimate basis of political system construction and political behavior activities in his words of"mind is heavenly principle".He believed that only through a certain amount of self-cultivation can administrators make their behavior conform to heavenly principle,build a good system and implement good management.As far as the system construction is concerned,Lu Jiuyuan took the three ancient dynasties as the value direction.He advocated reforming the official system,reducing institutions and eliminating redundant personnel in political system.In economic system,he advocated the tax system of"the balance of giving and receiving".At the level of social system,he advocated the implementation of parallel complementary management mode of PingDi warehouse and civil warehouse to solve the people′s livelihood problems.As far as the code of conduct is concerned,Lu Jiuyuan elucidated the respective duties of the monarch and the ministers under the discourse of monarch-minister ruling together.He also emphasized that monarchs and ministers should unite to govern the country.Lu Jiuyuan′s discussion on governance has opened the political dimension of the philosophy of mind,and constructed a path of Neo Confucianism to govern the country,which combines the cultivation of one′s own morality with the governance of the country.