花部重金属积累对植物-传粉昆虫互惠关系影响的研究进展

Review on the effects of heavy metal accumulation in flowers on the mutual benefit relationship between plant and insect pollinators

传粉昆虫急剧下降是当前全球生态学家最为关注的热点问题之一,全球气候变化、土地利用改变、生境破碎化以及工农业生产带来的有害物质如杀虫剂等均有重要影响。相比而言,土壤重金属污染对传粉昆虫的潜在影响缺乏深入评价。土壤重金属会进入植物组织如花部,在传粉过程中传递到传粉者体内,并通过影响传粉者行为改变植物雌雄适合度,全面梳理相关研究进展和存在的问题,有助于提升对重金属污染带来的生态后果的全面认识,了解动植物相互关系对环境变化的响应。本文结合前期的研究成果,从重金属在植物花部中的积累模式、花部重金属积累对植物雌雄适合度的影响、经花部报酬介导的重金属积累对蜂类传粉者传粉行为、生活史关键环节的影响等进行综述,以期为理解花部重金属积累对植物与传粉昆虫互惠关系的影响,进而拓展关于土壤重金属污染与传粉昆虫数量减少之间的内在联系的科学认识。

The global sharp decline of pollinators is one of the hot issues concerned by ecologists,mainly driven by global climate change,land use change,habitat fragmentation and harmful substances such as pesticides brought by industrial and agricultural production.In contrast,the potential impact of soil heavy metal pollution on pollinators is lack of in-depth evaluation.Heavy metals in soil would enter plant tissues,such as flowers,etc.,and be transmitted to pollinators during pollination.By affecting pollinators’behavior,they can change plant fitness for male and female.This review aimed to comprehensively sort out the status of research and existing problems,which would deepen our understanding on the ecological consequences caused by heavy metal pollution as well as the plant-animal relationship in response to environmental change.Summarizing previous researches,we reviewed findings on the pattern of heavy metal accumulation in flowers,the impacts of flower heavy metal accumulation on plant male and female fitnesses in addition to pollination behavior and the key aspects of life history of bees,to help understand the interrelationship between flower heavy metal accumulation and pollinators,and further expand the scientific understanding on the internal connection between soil heavy metal pollution and the decline of pollinators.