“双减”政策下乡村教师工作负担的生成机制和治理路径

Generation Mechanism and Governance Path of Rural Teachers’Work Burden Under the Background of“Double Reduction”Policy

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅于2019年印发的《关于减轻中小学教师负担进一步营造教育教学良好环境的若干意见》是对我国一线教师工作境遇的政策回应,是以制度形式规范并落实减轻中小学教师负担的措施。2021年,“双减”政策的落地,其实质是提高校内教育质量,以最大程度满足家长、学生的教育需求,这在客观上加重了教师的工作负担。当前,我国中小学教师,特别是乡村中小学教师肩负教育和行政的双重负担;而实施分类治理需要从根源上打破负担的“生成机制”,精准落实减负措施。具体而言,要从多元治理、依法行政、科学管理和社会监督四个方面入手,形成治理合力,完善现有的教师减负机制,落实教师的合理负担。

In 2019,the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued Some Opinions on Reducing the Burden of Primary and Secondary School Teachers and Further Creating a Good Environment for Education and Teaching,which is a policy response to the working situation of front-line teachers in our country,as well as the measures standardizing and implementing the burden reduction of primary and secondary school teachers in the form of system.The essence of the“double reduction”policy implemented in 2021 is to improve the quality of education in schools to meet the educational needs of parents and students to the maximum extent,which makes the responsibility of teachers heavier.At present,China’s primary and secondary school teachers,especially rural primary and secondary school teachers,shoulder the dual burden of education and administration.The implementation of classified governance needs to break the“generation mechanism”of the burden from the root and accurately implement the measures to reduce the burden.Specifically,it is necessary to start from the four aspects of pluralistic governance,administration according to law,scientific management and social supervision to form a joint force of governance,improve the existing mechanism of reducing the burden of teachers,and implement the reasonable burden of teachers.