错株种植和增施菌肥对太白贝母光合特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Staggered Planting and Increasing Bacterial Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li

为探索增施菌肥和错株种植对太白贝母生长和品质的影响,于2018-2019年在重庆巫山笃坪太白贝母种植基地进行田间小区试验,施用地表球囊霉、聚丛球囊霉两种菌肥,并进行错株种植,以常规对株种植作为对照组,共设7个不同处理小区。结果表明,太白贝母不同处理组所测各生长指标都比常规种植组高,差异均有显著性,其中错株种植+增施菌肥处理组(B4组)生长指标最高;不同处理组叶面积和叶面积指数均比常规种植组(A1组)高,其中增施菌肥+错株种植(B4组)开花前20 d、开花期、开花后20 d分别较常规种植组(A1组)高出25.08%、23.25%、23.95%,叶面积指数较常规组高出100.32%、97.36%、98.52%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);太白贝母不同处理组光合参数均比常规种植组(A1组)高,其中错株种植+增施菌肥(地表球囊霉)(B2)、错株种植+增施菌肥(聚丛球囊霉)(B3)、错株种植+增施菌肥(地表球囊霉+聚丛球囊霉)(B4)处理分别较常规种植组(A1组)净光合速率(P_(n))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))分别高25.87%、43.59%、68.82%;11.49%、18.05%、30.13%;37.83%、44.68%、62.61%;15.33%、29.63%、44.10%;太白贝母不同处理组产量及品质均较常规种植组(A1组)高,其中增施菌肥+错株种植(B4组)总生物碱、贝母辛、西贝母碱苷、贝母碱甲和贝母碱乙的含量较常规种植组(A1组)分别提高41.73%、43.27%、26.32%、19.57%、30.58%,差异均具有显著性。说明错株种植能优化太白贝母植株群体光照条件,增施菌肥可以不同程度改善太白贝母生长,同时也说明,增施菌肥的情况下进行错株种植模式对太白贝母会产生积极影响,可为后续太白贝母优质高产提供试验依据。

To explore the effects of increasing mycorrhizal fertilization and staggered planting on the growth and quality of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li,a field plot trial was conducted in 2018-2019 at Duping Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li Planting Base in Wushan of Chongqing,two types of bacterial fertilizers,including Glomus versiforme(GV),Glomus aggregatum(GA),were applied,and staggered planting method was used.With conventional pair planting as the control group,seven different treatment plots were sep up.The results showed that all the growth indexes measured in the different treatment groups were higher than those in the conventional planting group,and the differences were all significant(P<0.05),growth indexes in the staggered planting+increasing bacterial fertilizer treatment group were the highest;the leaf area and leaf area indexes in different treatment groups were higher than that of the conventional planting group(A1),in all the treatments,before flowering 20 d,flowering period and after flowering 20 d under increasing bacterial fertilizer+staggered planting treatment(B4)was 25.08%,23.25%and 23.95%,higher that of conventional planting group(A1),and the leaf area index was 100.32%,97.36%and 98.52%higher than that of the conventional group,its differences were significant(P<0.05);photosynthetic parameters were all higher in different treatment groups of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li than in the conventional planting group(A1),in all the treatments,increasing bacterial fertilizer+staggered planting treatment(Glomus versiforme)(B2),increasing bacterial fertilizer+staggered planting treatment(Glomeromycota)(B3)and increasing bacterial fertilizer+staggered planting treatment(Glomus versiforme+Glomeromycota)(B4)were 25.87%,43.59%,68.82%;11.49%,18.05%,30.13%;37.83%,44.68%,62.61%;15.33%,29.63%,44.10%respectively higher than of the conventional planting group(A1)in net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and transpiration rate(T_(r)).The yield and quality of different treatment groups of Taibai shellfish were higher than those of the conventional planting group(A1),in which the contents of total alkaloids,shellacin,sebacin,shellacin A and shellacin B of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li(B4)increased by 41.73%,43.27%,26.32%,19.57%and 30.58%,respectively,compared with conventional planting,and the differences were significant(P<0.05).It showed that staggered planting can optimize the light conditions of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li plant population,and the growth of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li can be improved to different degrees with increasing bacterial fertilizer,and it also shows that staggered planting will have a positive effect on Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li with increasing bacterial fertilizer,which can provide a basis for subsequent experiments on high quality and high yield of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li.