酿酒葡萄马瑟兰与小味尔多果实中酚类物质积累的比较分析

Comparative analysis of phenol accumulation in the fruits of wine grape‘Marselan’and‘Petit Verdot’

通过测定宁夏贺兰山东麓产区红色酿酒葡萄品种马瑟兰和小味尔多果实中酚类物质的积累,为酿造优质葡萄酒提供品种选择的参考依据。在果实发育的4个时期,测定2个品种果实中酚类物质含量及其合成关键酶基因的相对表达量。结果表明,在果实完全转色期之前,小味尔多果实中酚酸类、黄烷醇类物质总含量均极显著高于马瑟兰,此时VvPAL、VvF3′H的相对表达量也均高于马瑟兰。在果实采收期,2个品种果实中酚酸类和黄烷醇类物质总量差异不显著,小味尔多果实中黄酮醇类物质、单宁和总酚含量均极显著高于马瑟兰,此时VvF3′H、VvF3′5′H、VvUFGT的相对表达量均极显著高于马瑟兰,但是白藜芦醇含量、总花色苷含量均显著低于马瑟兰,此时马瑟兰果实中VvPAL、VvC4H表达量均较高。用主成分分析法对成熟期果实中17种单体酚进行分析,马瑟兰果实中特征酚类物质是咖啡酸、苯甲酸、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、儿茶素没食子酸酯和白藜芦醇,小味尔多果实中特征酚类物质是没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素和芦丁。因此,采收期2个酿酒品种果实中酚类物质的组成与含量差异的主要原因在于品种的基因型不同,导致果实中酚类物质合成关键酶基因在时空上产生差异表达,最终影响了果实中单体酚积累差异,形成不同风味的果实品质。2个葡萄品种都适合宁夏产区栽培,在果实采收期,酚类物质的积累小味尔多优于马瑟兰。

To determine the accumulation of phenolic substances in wine grape‘Marselan’and‘Petit Verdot’from the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia.In order to provide a reference for the selection of high-quality wine varieties.In four stages of fruit development,the contents of phenols and the relative expression levels of key enzyme genes in fruit were determined.The results showed that before the complete color conversion period,the total contents of phenolic acids and flavanols in‘Petit Verdot’were significantly higher than those in‘Marselan’,and the relative expressions of VvPAL and VvF3′H were also higher than those in‘Marselan’.During the harvest period,there was no significant difference in the total contents of phenolic acids and flavanols between the two varieties.The contents of flavonols,tannins and total phenols in the fruits of‘Petit Verdot’were significantly higher than those of‘Marselan’.At this time,the relative expressions of VvF3′H,VvF3′5′H and VvUFGT were significantly higher than that of‘Marselan’.However,the contents of resveratrol and total anthocyanins in the fruits of‘Petit Verdot’were significantly lower than those of‘Marselan’fruit,and the expression of VvPAL,VvC4H in‘Marselan’fruit was higher.Seventeen kinds of monophenols in mature fruits were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA).The results showed that the characteristic phenols in‘Marselan’fruits were caffeic acid,benzoic acid,epigallocatechin gallate,catechin gallates and resveratrol,the characteristic phenols in‘Petit Verdot’were gallic acid,catechin,epicatechin and rutin.Therefore,the main reason for the difference in the composition and content of phenols in the fruits of the two red wine grape varieties during the harvest period lies in the different genotypes of the two red wine grape varieties,which led to the differential expression of the key enzymes of phenolic synthesis in the fruit in time and space.Finally,it affects the difference of monomer phenol accumulation in the fruit and forms the fruit quality with different flavor.In the harvest period,the accumulation of phenolic substances,‘Petit Verdot’is still better than‘Marselan’.