现有防疫通风措施及基于先进气流组织的源头控制技术应用

Present Anti-pandemic Ventilation Measures and Application of Source Control Technology Based on Advanced Air Distribution

新冠疫情暴发后,如何应对呼吸道传染病的传播这一难题再次摆在了人们面前.通风是最重要的工程防疫措施,ASHRAE、REHVA、SHASE以及中国的相关机构、学会就如何利用暖通空调系统有效防控COVID-19的传播相继出台了指导性文件.总结和分析系列指导性文件中有关通风量和气流组织方面的内容,发现现有工程防疫措施尚存在诸多需改进之处.传统的全空间通风在疫情期间表现出通风量不足、对近距离短期暴露事件效率低下、能耗高等缺陷,而基于先进气流组织的源头控制技术具有控制效率高、个性化可调、响应快速且节能潜力大等优势,恰好可弥补全空间通风的不足.在此基础上,系统地总结了基于先进气流组织的源头控制措施在呼吸道传染病传播控制方面的技术类型,并考虑到后疫情时代通风系统设计面临以“平疫结合”为导向的发展趋势,探讨了在“平疫结合”中应用源头控制技术的优势,以及在一些高风险场景应用源头控制从而实现“平疫结合”的技术路线,并分析了为落实“平疫结合”设计理念所需进一步探索的技术方向.所做探索预期为后续指南的编撰提供参考,为未来防疫通风设计带来新思路和新启示.

After the outbreak of COVID-19,it is worrisome that how to cope with the spread of the pandemic.Ventilation is the most important engineering control measure,ASHRAE,REHVA,SHASE and authoritative institutions in China have issued many documents on how to apply HVAC system to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19,and thus this paper summarizes the contents related to the ventilation rate and air distribution.Besides,traditional total volume ventilation has the disadvantages of insufficient ventilation rate,less efficiency for shortterm exposure events at short range and high energy consumption during the pandemic.Source control based on advanced air distribution has the advantages of high control efficiency,personalized adjustable,fast response and high energy saving potential,which can make up the disadvantages of the total volume ventilation scheme.Therefore,this paper systematically summarizes the technical types of source control based on advanced air distribution in coping the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.Considering that the design of ventilation system in the post-pandemic era is facing the development of“combination of normal time and pandemic period”,the advantages of applying source control in the post-pandemic era and the application schemes of source control in high-risk scenarios are discussed,and the directions that need to be further explored in order to implement the design concept o“f combination of normal time and pandemic period”are also discussed.This paper aims to provide a reference for the compilation of subsequent guidelines,and to bring some new ideas and enlightenments to the ventilation design for future pandemic prevention.