个人舒适系统作用下的杭州市冬季住宅居民热舒适特征

Thermal Comfort Characteristics of Residential Residents in Hangzhou in Winter under the Action of Personal Comfort System

夏热冬冷地区住宅冬季普遍使用红外线加热器、暖脚器、局部暖风机等个人舒适系统来供暖.为了探究个人舒适系统作用下的热舒适特征,选取杭州市为研究对象,采用问卷调研、现场测试与实验室测试方法对个人舒适系统作用下的居民冬季热舒适特征进行了研究.结果表明,从12月下旬到次年2月上旬,个人舒适系统使用率超过50%,典型日内18:00到20:00为使用高峰.个人舒适系统可使人体附近局部操作温度平均升高2.7℃.在个人舒适系统作用下中性操作温度为15.8℃,从舒适和节能的角度考虑,应尽量控制人体附近操作温度在13.9~20℃.个人舒适系统作用下对热感觉有显著影响的人体部位是头部、手部和脚部;各部位的最适皮肤温度分别为头部33℃,前胸37℃,上臂35℃,后背36℃,腹部37℃,下臂36℃,手部31℃,大腿36℃,小腿38℃,脚部35℃.研究结果为该地区冬季住宅居民采取个人供暖设备以提升热舒适度的定量需求研究提供了依据.

Personal comfort systems(PCS)are commonly used in residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone,such as infrared heaters,foot warmers,local air heaters and so on.In order to explore the characteristics of thermal comfort under the action of personal comfort system,Hangzhou City was selected as the object,and the questionnaire survey,field test and laboratory test.The results showed that the PCS was used more than 50%of the characteristics of thermal comfort of residents under the action of personal comfort system in winter were studied bytime from late December to early February,with peak use between 18:00 and 20:00 on a typical day.Local operating temperature around the human body can be increased by 2.7℃on average by the PCS.Under the action of the PCS,neutral operating temperature is 15.8℃.From the perspective of comfort and energy saving,the operating temperature around the human body is suggested to controlled at 13.9~20℃.The body parts with significant sensation of heat feeling under the action of PCS are the head,hands and feet.The optimal skin temperature of each part was obtained as 33℃for the head,37℃for the front chest,35℃for the upper arm,36℃for the back,37℃for the abdomen,36℃for the lower arm,31℃for the hand,36℃for the thigh,38℃for the calf,and 35℃for the foot.It provided a basis for the quantitative demand study of the residents′personal heating equipment to improve their thermal comfort in winter.