微生物合成蒎烯的研究进展

Research progress on microbial synthesis of pinenes

蒎烯是自然界中广泛存在的单萜类化合物,在自然界中主要以α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯两种形式存在,被广泛应用于食品、能源、化工、军事、医药和材料等领域,具有重要的应用价值和发展前景。目前蒎烯的获得途径主要是通过从植物松节油中进行高效精馏分离提取,但是这种方式具有成本高、效率低、操作工艺复杂、污染环境等弊端。所以,随着微生物学代谢工程和发酵工程的发展,利用底盘生物构建蒎烯代谢通路来生产蒎烯已经成为一种重要趋势。该文主要总结了目前蒎烯在大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母中的合成途径以及提高蒎烯产量的策略,并且说明了提高宿主菌株对蒎烯的耐受性对蒎烯合成的影响,提出了蒎烯生物合成存在的问题以及解决思路,对未来蒎烯在生物中合成提供了参考和启示。

Pinenes are monoterpene widely found in nature,mainly in the forms ofα-pinene andβ-pinene in nature,which are widely used in the fields of food,energy,chemical,military,medicine and materials and have application value and development prospects.At present,pinene is mainly obtained by efficiently distillation,separation and extraction from plant turpentine,but the method has the disadvantages of high cost,low efficiency,complicated operation,and environmental pollution.Therefore,with the development of microbiology metabolic engineering and fermentation engineering,it has become an important trend to use the chassis organisms to construct the pinene metabolic pathway to produce pinenes.At present,the synthesis pathways of pinene in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and strategies for increasing pinene production were summarized,and the effect of improving the tolerance of host strains to pinene on pinene synthesis was illustrated,the existing problems and solutions of pinene biosynthesis were proposed,which provided reference and inspiration for pinene biosynthesis in the future.