志与智对相对贫困的影响研究

Effects of Aspiration and Wisdom on The Relative Poverty

“志”“智”与贫困之间存在着微妙而复杂的关系,通常认为贫困作为收入不平等的结果是个人志向的因,但同时也是个人志向的果。“智”可视为一种内源因素影响个人志向的形成,同时亦能对贫困状态的改善起到直接作用。从相对贫困视角切入,分析了志向和智力形成过程中可能受到的内源与外源因素作用,并在志向形成因素中重点阐述了外部约束中的收入不平等以及内部因素中的教育对其的影响。之后探讨了志向与智力影响相对贫困的可能机理,同时基于“志向差距”的概念、皮格马利翁效应以及贯穿于志向、智力形成要素中的“教育”,来分析推测“志”与“智”的相互作用以及对相对贫困的交互影响。最后对分析结果进行总结,以期为开展更加深入的实证研究奠定理论基础,并为我国接下来“双扶政策”的制定和调整提供政策启发。

There is a subtle and complex relationship between“aspiration”,“wisdom”and poverty.It is generally believed that poverty,as the result of income inequality,is the cause and result of individual aspiration“.wisdom”can be regarded as an internal factor affecting the formation of individual aspiration,and can also play a direct role in the improvement of poverty.From the perspective of relative poverty,this paper analyzes the effect of internal and external factors on the formation of aspiration and wisdom,and focuses on the influence of income inequality in external constraints and education in internal factors on the formation of aspiration.Then,this paper discusses the possible mechanism of the influence of aspiration and wisdom on relative poverty,and speculates the interaction between aspiration and wisdom,and analyse the interactive influence on relative poverty based on the concept o“f aspiration gap”,Pygmalion effect and“education”which run through the forming factors of aspiration and wisdom.Finally,the analysis results are summarized in order to lay a theoretical foundation for further empirical research and provide policy inspiration for the formulation and adjustment of China's dual-support policy.