人际同步对合作行为的促进机制及解释模型

Mechanisms and models of interpersonal synchrony in promoting cooperation

同步作为集体仪式的核心要素,对群体生存和发展具有重要意义。人际同步是一种特殊的协调行为,具有锁时锁相的特征。近年来研究发现同步能够促进合作等亲社会行为,具体的促进机制包括神经生理的激活、社会联结感的增强、认知灵敏度的提高和积极情绪的唤起,学者们也从不同角度提出了三种不同的解释模型:自我-他人重叠模型、合作加强模型和集体沸腾模型。未来的研究需要进一步剖析同步行为的亲社会功能,厘清同步效应的调节机制、特异性和普适性。

Synchrony, a core element of collective rituals, is of great significance to the survival and development of groups. Interpersonal synchrony is a kind of coordination behaviour that emphasises the coordinated consistency of movements among group members with time-and phase-locked characteristics.Recent studies have found that synchrony can promote pro-social behaviours such as cooperation, and the potential process mechanisms underlying this promoting effect involve the activation of neurophysiological systems, an enhanced sense of social connectedness, increased cognitive sensitivity, and evocation of positive emotions. Previous researches have proposed three different models of this positive effect from different perspectives:(1) the self-other representational overlap model,(2) the reinforcement of cooperation model, and(3) the collective effervescence model. These three models have their own focuses in explaining the role of interpersonal synchrony in promoting cooperation, but they cannot fully explain how interpersonal synchrony affects cooperation. Therefore, this paper proposes a new psychological process model of synchrony for cooperation that provides a more comprehensive and clearer structure of the direct and indirect paths through which synchrony affects cooperation, and identifies two important moderators(group size and identity/cultural background). In addition, this paper summarises the shortcomings of the existing researches and provides suggestions for future research to effectively increase the pro-social function of synchrony and reduce its antisocial risk.