多杀菌素固体缓释剂的制备及对白纹伊蚊的防治效果

Preparation of Spinosad Solid Sustained Release Agent and its Control Effect on Aedes albopictus

为了克服传统杀虫剂防治水体中白纹伊蚊幼虫的局限性,解决引诱蚊虫产卵以集中防治的问题,本试验通过物理包埋的方法制备一种具有杀灭与引诱白纹伊蚊作用的复合型固体缓释剂。以多杀菌素作为模型药物,碳酸铵作为诱卵剂,十六醇与聚乙二醇作为药物结合载体,通过高温搅拌混合的方法构建成骨架层-缓释层的复合结构;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定多杀菌素缓释剂的缓释效果;用幼虫浸渍法对缓释剂快速与长效灭蚊效果进行测定;用诱蚊诱卵试验测试缓释剂诱卵效果。结果显示,缓释剂中多杀菌素9 d平均释放率为14.54%,与纯多杀菌素释放相比有良好的缓释效果(P<0.01);不同剂量缓释剂对白纹伊蚊幼虫的毒力效果具有极显著性差异(P<0.01);缓释剂1个月长效测试灭蚊效果显著优于纯多杀菌素(P<0.05),引诱剂对白纹伊蚊的平均诱卵率为83.71%,产卵活跃指数为0.68,与对照相比有极显著的诱卵作用(P<0.01)。因此,本试验制备的复合型多杀菌素固体缓释剂对药物有长效缓释的效果,对白纹伊蚊表现出良好的杀灭与引诱作用,可作为新型防蚊制剂。

To overcome the limitation of traditional insecticides to control Aedes albopictus larvae in water,and solve the problems of attracting mosquitoes and reducing spawning rate,a compound solid sustained release agent for killing and inducing Aedes albopictus was prepared by physical embedding.With spinosad as the model drug,ammonium carbonate as the egg-trapping agent,hexadecanol and polyethylene glycol as the drug-binding carrier,the composite structure of skeleton layer and sustained-release layer was constructed by high temperature stirring and mixing.The spinosad sustained release agent was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The rapid and long-term mosquito control effect of sustained release agents was assessed by larval impregnation method.The effect of slow-release attractant was examined by mosquito trapping experiment.The results showed that the average 9 days release rate of spinosad in the sustained-release agent was 14.54%,which was significantly different from pure spinosad good sustained release agent on Aedes albopictus larvae(P<0.01).The toxicity of different doses of sustained release agents to Aedes albopictus larvae has extremely significant difference(P<0.01).The effect of one month long-term sustained release agent on mosquito control was significantly better than that of pure spinosad(P<0.05).The average egg trapping rate of attractants on Aedes albopictus was 83.71%,and the egg laying activity index was 0.68(P<0.01),representing highly significant egg trapping effect compared with the control.Thus,the prepared compound spinosad solid sustained-release agent allows a long-term sustained-release,has good killing and attracting effects on Aedes albopictus,and serves as a novel anti-mosquito preparation.