激情形式与思想意象:论浪漫小说的精神史意义

The Pathosformel andtheImage oftheIdea:Toward the Significance ofthe Romantic Novel in Geistesgeschichte

浪漫小说不仅是一种文学体裁,它更是一种激情形式以及一种思想意象。在德国早期浪漫主义时代,小说完成了从激情形式到思想意象的转变,这种转变在本质上乃是一场精神史范式的革命。首先,浪漫小说乃是浪漫诗的典范形式,而浪漫诗是进化的宇宙或总汇诗,浪漫小说因此成为无所不包且永无止境的激情形式。其次,浪漫小说就是一本浪漫之书,作者创作、公众参与,主体充满激情的介入将世界浪漫化了;同时,小说与史诗共血脉,在历史的关联上成为“诗之诗”或“源初之诗”。第三,浪漫小说是浪漫新神话之具体形式,趋向于以隐喻方式将“感性的宗教”和“理性的神话”建构为一个自律的象征世界,同粗糙、甚至残忍的“实在绝对主义”保持一种审美的距离。

The romantic novel is not only a literary genre;it is also a form of pas‐sion and an intellectual image.In the early German Romantic era,the novel made the transition from passionate form to ideological imagery,a transition that was essen‐tially a paradigm shift in the history of the spirit.Firstly,the romantic novel was the paradigmatic form of the romantic poem,which was the evolving universe or total poem,and the romantic novel thus became an all-encompassing and never-ending form of passion.Secondly,the romantic novel is a book of romance,created by the author,with the participation of the public and the passionate intervention of the sub‐ject,which romanticises the world;at the same time,the novel shares its bloodline with the epic,becoming in its historical connection the“poem of poems”or the“poet‐ry of origins.”Thirdly,the romantic novel is a concrete form of the new mythology for romanticism,which tends to metaphorically construct the“sensual religion”and the“rational mythology”as a self-regulating symbolic world,maintaining an aesthet‐ic relationship with the crude,even cruel,“absolutism of reality.”