母亲职业地位与子女受教育年限及性别差异——基于中国综合社会调查数据的实证研究

Mother s Occupational Status,Children s Educational Attainment and Gender Differences-An Empirical Study Based on the Data of the Chinese General Social Survey

女性在劳动力市场上的地位对子代教育获得及性别平等有长期影响。通过使用CGSS 2015数据,运用回归分析法并辅以工具变量,重点探讨母亲职业地位对其子女教育获得及性别差异的影响,发现母亲职业地位正向影响子女教育获得而且性别差异缩小,这种影响独立于家庭中父亲职业地位。重新对样本进行筛选并变换子代教育水平测度方式后,估计结果仍然稳健。异质性分析表明,母亲职业地位对教育性别差异的改善仅存在于父母文化程度及家庭等级较高的家庭组别,在较低的家庭组别未见显著性影响。家庭背景中母亲职业发展因素对教育再生产以及女性教育优势具有重要意义,女性劳动力市场地位的提升有利于子代教育优势累积以及减轻子代教育性别不平等。

Women s labor market status has long-lasting impacts on children s educational attainment and gender equality.Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey in 2015,this paper focuses on the impact of mothers professional status on their children s educational attainment and gender Differences.In order to avoid the estimation bias caused by endogeneity,instrumental variable method is used in the identification strategy.The results show that:the improvement of mother s occupational status has a significant positive impact on children s educational attainment and the reduction of gender differences,and this impact is independent of the impact of father s occupational status in the family.After re-screening the samples and changing the way of measuring children s education level,the estimation results are still robust.Heterogeneity analysis found that the improvement of mother s occupational status on gender equality in education only existed in the family group with higher education level of parents and higher family level of parents,but had no significant effect in lower family group.Mother s career development factors in family background are of great significance to China s educational reproduction and women s educational advantages.The improvement of women s labor market status is conducive to the accumulation of their children s educational advantages and the reduction of gender inequality in children s education.