著作权刑事司法解释的反思与优化——基于“复制发行”司法解释及相关判决的分析

Systematic Reconstruction of Criminal Legal Judicial Interpretation for Copyright-An Empirical Analysis Based on the Judicial Interpretation of Reproduction and Distribution and Judicial Decisions

《刑法修正案(十一)》生效后,应对实践经验进行反思和总结,及时清理与其相抵触的司法解释。将信息网络传播视为刑法第217条规定的复制发行是将线上概念拟制为线下概念;将复制发行解释为复制、发行或者既复制又发行,未能区分首次发行行为与后续发行行为;将发行解释为包括总发行、批发、零售、通过信息网络传播以及出租、展销等活动,混淆了发行行为与其他法定利用行为的界限。问题导向的司法解释虽解决了现实社会需求,但同时引发了裁判标准的不统一。侵犯著作权犯罪法定犯的逻辑结构决定了著作权法是前置规范,刑法是后置规范,对犯罪认定应坚持先定侵权后定罪的递进逻辑,应坚持体系思维对著作权法与刑法中的相同概念作同义解释,对著作权刑法保护规范进行优化整合。

After Amendment 11 to the Criminal Law comes into effect,reflection and summarization ought to be done on related judicial interpretation and practice,and provisions in conflict therewith shall be timely removed.The judicial interpretation,which views information network dissemination as reproduction and distribution under article 217 of the Criminal Law,analogizes the online concept into an offline one;Interpreting reproduction and distribution as reproduction,distribution or both,which fails to distinguish between initial issuance and the subsequent ones.The issuance is interpreted as including general issuance,wholesale,retail,dissemination through information network as well as rental and sales exhibition,obscuring demarcation between distribution and other statutory utilization acts.Problem-orientated judicial interpretation breaks through literal meaning of criminal law,leads to non-uniform adjudication criterion.The logic structure of a copyright infringement statutory offense dictates copyright law to be preceding while criminal law to be secondary.Conviction shall stick to a progressive logic-first tort then crime,and a systematic thinking shall be followed to make identical interpretations to a same concept both in copyright and criminal law,thus to systematically reconcile the amended criminal norms aimed to protect copyright.