医护人员行为危险因素对慢性病患病率影响的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the influence of behavioral risk factors of medical staff on the chronic disease prevalence

目的调查深圳市龙华区公立医疗机构医护人员慢性病情况及相关行为危险因素现状。方法对深圳市龙华区公立医疗机构医护人员发放慢性病现状及行为危险因素调查问卷,采用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据处理,多因素logistic回归模型分析医护人员行为危险因素对慢性病患病率的影响。结果发放问卷830份,成功收回812份,调查结果显示,慢性病患病率为33.50%,其中颈腰部疾病、超重和肥胖、原发性高血压位于慢性病患病率的前3位,患病率依次为27.59%、25.37%、11.82%;人员基本情况中年龄、婚姻、工龄、每周工作时长、每月夜班次数不同的人员慢性病发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而不同的吸烟、饮酒、运动、食盐、食油、睡眠等情况是医护人员慢性病患病的行为影响因素(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟(OR=1.398,95%CI=1.032~1.876)、饮酒(OR=1.456,95%CI=1.101~1.965)、高盐饮食(OR=1.438,95%CI=1.034~2.097)是导致慢性病发生的主要行为危险因素,而运动(OR=0.558,95%CI=0.436~0.904)则是保护性因素。结论多个行为危险因素与深圳市龙华区公立医疗机构医护人员的慢性病发生有关,建议对该类人群实施有效干预措施,以促进其健康。

Objective To investigate the status of chronic diseases and related behavioral risk factors of medical staff in public medical institutions in Longhua District of Shenzhen.Methods Questionnaires on the status of chronic diseases and behavioral risk factors were distributed to medical staff working in public medical institutions in Longhua District of Shenzhen.The data processing was carried out by SPSS 23.0 software,and the multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the influence of behavioral risk factors of medical staff on the chronic disease prevalence.Results A total of 830 questionnaires were distributed and 812 of them were successfully returned.The survey results showed that the chronic disease prevalence was 33.50%,among which cervical and waist diseases,overweight and obesity,and primary hypertension were the top 3 chronic diseases with the prevalence rates of 27.59%,25.37%,and 11.82% in a descending order.There were differences in the chronic disease prevalence among medical staff of different age,marriage status,length of service,working hours per week,and number of night shifts per month with respect to the basic conditions of medical staff(P<0.05).Different conditions including smoking,drinking,exercise,salt and oil intake,and sleeping were the behavioral influencing factors of medical staff for the chronic disease prevalence(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking(OR=1.398,95%CI=1.032-1.876),drinking(OR=1.456,95%CI=1.101-1.965)and high-salt diet(OR=1.438,95%CI=1.034-2.097)were the main behavioral risk factors leading to chronic diseases,while exercise(OR=0.558,95%CI=0.436-0.904)was a protective factor.Conclusion Many behavioral risk factors are related to the occurrence of chronic diseases among medical staff in public medical institutions in Longhua District of Shenzhen.It is recommended to implement effective intervention measures for those populations to promote their health.