电动两轮车骑车人紧急避让姿态对损伤风险的影响研究

Research on the Effects of Emergent Avoidance Postures of Electric Two-wheeler Riders on Their Injury Risk

为研究不同紧急避让姿态下骑车人运动学响应及损伤差异,采用 THUMS 人体有限元模型开发 1类正常驾驶姿态和 3 种典型紧急避让姿态:被撞侧脚着地(SFL)、非被撞侧脚着地(NSFL)和双脚着地(LBF)。建立了汽车碰撞电动两轮车和骑车人的仿真模型,进行了8组仿真(20和40 km/h两种碰撞速度和4种驾驶姿态的组合),以对比分析头部损伤参数(峰值角加速度、峰值线性加速度、HIC;、颅内正压力、CSDM;和最大主应变)和下肢的 Vonmises 应力分布,评估两轮车骑车人撞地损伤风险。结果表明:当车速为 20 km/h 时,正常姿态骑车人头部撞地损伤超过 AIS 4+,各姿态下肢损伤均未超过骨折阈值;当车速为 40 km/h 时,各姿态骑车人头部撞地损伤均超过 AIS 4+,紧急避让姿态 LBF 时头部损伤风险最高。正常姿态骑车人的下肢损伤风险最低,紧急避让姿态 SFL 骑车人下肢有骨折风险。该研究结果厘清了紧急避让姿态对骑车人撞地损伤的影响,为汽车安全技术研究提供重要参考依据。

For investigating the kinematic response and injury differences of riders in different emergent avoidance postures,human finite element model THUMS is used to develop four driving postures,i.e. one normal posture and three emergent avoidance postures:struck side foot landing(SFL),non-struck side foot landing(NS-FL)and landing on both feet(LBF). A simulation model for a car impacting electric two-wheeler and its rider is built with eight groups of simulations(combination of 20 and 40 km/h two speeds and 4 driving postures)conducted to comparatively analyze the head injury parameters(peak angular acceleration,peak linear acceleration,HIC;,intracranial pressure,CSDM;and MPS)and the Von-Mises stress distribution in lower limbs,and to evaluate the ground impact injury risk of two-wheeler rider. The results show that with a vehicle speed of 20 km/h,the head injury of normal posture rider in ground impact exceeds AIS 4+,while the lower limbs injury of riders with all types of postures do not exceed the fracture threshold. With a vehicle speed of 40 km/h,the head-ground impact injury of riders with all types of postures exceeded AIS 4+,the rider with an emergent avoidance posture of LBF has the highest risk of head injury,the rider with a normal posture has the lowest risk of lower limbs injury,while the rider with an emergent avoidance posture of SFL has a risk of lower limbs fracture. This study clarifies the effects of different emergent avoidance postures on riders’ injuries in ground impact and provides an important reference basis for automotive safety technology research.