九阡李果实养分及矿质元素积累规律

Accumulation Law of Nutrient and Mineral Elements in Jiuqian Plum Fruit

以九阡李不同生育期的果实为试材,采用蒽酮法、质谱法对果实养分及矿质元素积累量指标测定分析,研究了九阡李果实养分及矿质元素积累规律,以期为九阡李科学施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:九阡李果实发育期内果实横纵径及果形指数持续增长,果实由扁长形长为扁圆形,果实干质量在前中期较低,应进行水分管理。九阡李果实发育期内,可滴定酸积累速度呈快-慢-快的规律,总酚积累速度呈下降趋势,糖分积累速度呈先慢后快趋势。随着九阡李的生长发育,果实中的矿质元素积累量总体呈上升趋势,果实整个生育期矿质元素积累量大小为K>N>P>Ca>B>Fe>Cu>Mg,果实对K和N的需求量最大。九阡李果实发育前期(谢花后前30 d)是施肥关键时期,应加强氮肥、钾肥的施用和水分管理,同时施放磷肥、钙肥,还要根据土壤肥力状况适当补充Mg、B等微量元素肥料。九阡李果实发育中后期,应适量减少N、K肥施放,但需适量补充微量元素肥。

The fruits of Jiuqian plum at different growth stages were used as test materials.The indexes of fruit nutrients and mineral element accumulation were determined and analyzed by anthrone method and mass spectrometry.The accumulation law of nutrients and mineral elements in Jiuqian plum fruit was studied, in order to provide reference basis for scientific fertilization of Jiuqian plum.The results showed that during the fruit development period of Jiuqian plum, the transverse and longitudinal diameter and shape index of the fruit continued to increase, the fruit changed from long strip to oblate, and the dry weight content of the fruit was low in the first and middle stages, so water management should be carried out.During the fruit development period of Jiuqian plum, the accumulation rate of titratable acid showed a law of fast-slow-fast, the accumulation rate of total phenol showed a downward trend, and the accumulation rate of sugar showed a trend of slow first and then fast.With the growth and development of Jiuqian plum, the accumulation of mineral elements in the fruit showed an upward trend.The accumulation of mineral elements in the whole fruit growth period was K>N>P>Ca>B>Fe>Cu>Mg.The fruit had the greatest demand for K and N.The early stage of fruit development of Jiuqian plum(the first 30 days after flowering) was the key period of fertilization.The application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, phosphorus and calcium fertilizer should be applied at the same time, and Mg, B and other trace element fertilizers should be supplemented appropriately according to the soil fertility.In the middle and late stage of fruit development of Jiuqian plum, the application of N and K fertilizer should be reduced, but trace element fertilizer should be supplemented.